Gopika M G, Prabhu Priya R, Thulaseedharan Jissa V
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Nov;11(11):7303-7307. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1140_22. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
Cancer is often detected much later to its onset, resulting in poor prognosis. This makes cancer the second most common cause of death globally. Looking for cancers much before any symptoms occur is termed "cancer screening" and is a powerful strategy for prevention, early diagnosis, and better management of several cancers. This paper examines the status of cancer screening in India from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 report for the period of 2019-2021.
Secondary data on participation in screening for cervical, breast, and oral cancer were extracted from the NFHS-5 report. Participation status for all the above cancer types is represented as percentages and compared across 28 states and eight union territories in India.
The percentages of women who have ever undergone cervical, breast, and oral cavity screening were 1.9%, 0.9%, and 0.9%, respectively. About 1.2% of men participated in oral cavity screening. The highest percentage of cervical and breast cancer screening participation was reported in Tamil Nadu (9.8% and 5.6%, respectively), followed by Puducherry (7.4% and 4.2%) and Mizoram (6.9% and 2.7%). Andaman and Nicobar Islands reported the highest oral cancer screening among women (10.1%) while Andhra Pradesh (6.3%) reported the highest participation among men.
Cancer screening participation in India is extremely inadequate and calls for the immediate attention of national and state governments. Additional efforts are warranted to improve public awareness of cancer screening, and appropriate measures should be implemented to conduct well-organized screening programs across the country to ensure maximum participation.
癌症往往在发病后很久才被发现，导致预后不良。这使得癌症成为全球第二大常见死因。在任何症状出现之前就寻找癌症被称为“癌症筛查”，是预防、早期诊断和更好地管理多种癌症的有力策略。本文根据2019 - 2021年期间的全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）- 5报告，研究了印度癌症筛查的现状。
从NFHS - 5报告中提取了关于宫颈癌、乳腺癌和口腔癌筛查参与情况的二手数据。上述所有癌症类型的参与情况以百分比表示，并在印度的28个邦和8个联邦属地之间进行比较。
曾经接受过宫颈癌、乳腺癌和口腔癌筛查的女性比例分别为1.9%、0.9%和0.9%。约1.2%的男性参与了口腔癌筛查。泰米尔纳德邦报告的宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查参与率最高（分别为9.8%和5.6%），其次是本地治里（7.4%和4.2%）和米佐拉姆邦（6.9%和2.7%）。安达曼和尼科巴群岛报告的女性口腔癌筛查率最高（10.1%），而安得拉邦（6.3%）报告的男性参与率最高。
印度癌症筛查的参与情况极其不足，需要国家和邦政府立即予以关注。有必要进一步努力提高公众对癌症筛查的认识，并应采取适当措施在全国开展组织良好的筛查项目，以确保最大程度的参与。
