Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Feb;31(7):9886-9919. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26433-3. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
The electrical and electronic waste is expected to increase up to 74.7 million metric tons by 2030 due to the unparalleled replacement rate of electronic devices, depleting the conventional sources of valuable metals such as rare earth elements, platinum group metals, Co, Sb, Mo, Li, Ni, Cu, Ag, Sn, Au, and Cr. Most of the current techniques for recycling, recovering, and disposing of e-waste are inappropriate and therefore contaminate the land, air, and water due to the release of hazardous compounds into the environment. Hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy are two such conventional methods used extensively for metal recovery from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). However, environmental repercussions and higher energy requirements are the key drawbacks that prevent their widespread application. Thus, to ensure the environment and elemental sustainability, novel processes and technologies must be developed for e-waste management with enhanced recovery and reuse of the valued elements. Therefore, the goal of the current work is to examine the batch and continuous processes of metal extraction from e-waste. In addition to the conventional devices, microfluidic devices have been also analyzed for microflow metal extraction. In microfluidic devices, it has been observed that the large specific surface area and short diffusion distance of microfluidic devices are advantageous for the efficient extraction of metals. Additionally, cutting-edge technologies have been proposed to enhance the recovery, reusability, and recycling of e-waste. The current study may support decision-making by researchers in deciding the direction of future research and moving toward sustainable development.
电子废物预计将增加到 7470 万吨，到 2030 年，由于电子设备的无与伦比的更换率，耗尽了传统的有价值金属来源，如稀土元素、铂族金属、钴、锑、钼、锂、镍、铜、银、锡、金和铬。大多数现有的回收、回收和处理电子废物的技术都不恰当，因此由于危险化合物释放到环境中而污染了土地、空气和水。湿法冶金和火法冶金是两种广泛用于从废弃电气和电子设备 (WEEE) 中回收金属的常规方法。然而，环境影响和更高的能源需求是阻止它们广泛应用的关键缺点。因此，为了确保环境和元素的可持续性，必须开发新的工艺和技术来管理电子废物，以提高有价值元素的回收和再利用。因此，目前工作的目标是研究从电子废物中提取金属的批量和连续工艺。除了传统设备，还分析了微流控设备用于微流金属提取。在微流控设备中，已经观察到微流控设备的大比表面积和短扩散距离有利于金属的有效提取。此外，还提出了前沿技术来提高电子废物的回收、再利用和再循环能力。本研究可以支持研究人员在决定未来研究方向和走向可持续发展方面做出决策。
