Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 30;18(3):e0283772. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283772. eCollection 2023.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the life satisfaction of older people living in a home environment and to find out what predictors influence it.
The research involved 1,121 older people 60 years and above from the Moravian-Silesian region who live in a home environment. The short form of the Life Satisfaction Index for the Thirds Age (LSITA-SF12) was used to assess life satisfaction. The Geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory Scale (GAI), The Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to evaluate related factors. In addition, age, gender, marital status, education, social support, and subjective health assessment were evaluated.
The overall life satisfaction score was found to be 36.34 (s = 8.66). The satisfaction of older people was classified into four grades: high satisfaction (15.2%), moderate satisfaction (60.8%), moderate dissatisfaction (23.4%), and high dissatisfaction (0.6%). The predictors of the longevity of the lives of older people were confirmed, both health factors (subjective health assessment, anxiety, and depression [Model 1: R = 0.642; R2 = 0.412; p<0.000]) and psychosocial factors (quality of life, self-esteem, sense of coherence, age, and social support [Model 2: R = 0.716; R2 = 0.513; p<0.000]).
In implementing policy measures, these areas should be emphasized. The availability of educational and psychosocial activities (e.g. reminiscence therapy, music therapy, group cognitive behavioural therapy, cognitive rehabilitation) within the community care of the older people and university of third age is appropriate to increase the life satisfaction of the older people. An initial depression screening is also required as part of preventive medical examinations to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of depression.
本横断面研究旨在确定居住在家庭环境中的老年人的生活满意度，并找出影响生活满意度的预测因素。
研究对象为来自摩拉维亚-西里西亚地区的 1121 名 60 岁及以上的老年人，他们居住在家庭环境中。使用老年生活满意度指数简表（LSITA-SF12）评估生活满意度。使用老年抑郁量表（GDS-15）、老年焦虑量表（GAI）、心理一致感量表（SOC-13）和罗森伯格自尊量表（RSES）评估相关因素。此外，还评估了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、社会支持和主观健康评估。
总体生活满意度评分为 36.34（s = 8.66）。老年人的满意度分为四个等级：高满意度（15.2%）、中度满意度（60.8%）、中度不满意（23.4%）和高不满意（0.6%）。老年人生活长寿的预测因素得到了证实，包括健康因素（主观健康评估、焦虑和抑郁[模型 1：R = 0.642；R² = 0.412；p<0.000]）和心理社会因素（生活质量、自尊、心理一致感、年龄和社会支持[模型 2：R = 0.716；R² = 0.513；p<0.000]）。
在实施政策措施时，应强调这些领域。在老年人社区护理和老年大学中提供教育和心理社会活动（例如怀旧疗法、音乐疗法、团体认知行为疗法、认知康复）是合适的，可提高老年人的生活满意度。还需要进行初步的抑郁筛查，作为预防医学检查的一部分，以确保早期诊断和治疗抑郁。
