Zhong Yulian, Chen Ximin, Huang Chao, Chen Yuexiao, Zhao Fengyi, Hao Runhua, Wang Niannian, Liao Wang, Xia Hui, Yang Ligang, Wang Shaokang, Sun Guiju
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, 100069, China.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2023 Mar 30;20(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12986-023-00740-5.
We explored the dietary effects of replacing normal dietary staple foods with supplementary nutritional protein powder, dietary fiber, and fish oil on several metabolic parameters. We examined weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism, and intestinal flora in obese individuals when compared with individuals on a reduced staple food low carbohydrate diet.
From inclusion and exclusion criteria, 99 participants (28 kg/m ≤ body mass index (BMI) ≤ 35 kg/m) were recruited and randomly assigned to control and intervention 1 and 2 groups. Physical examinations and biochemical indices were performed/gathered before the intervention and at 4 and 13 weeks post intervention. After 13 weeks, feces was collected and 16s rDNA sequenced.
After 13 weeks, when compared with controls, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure values in intervention group 1 were significantly reduced. In intervention group 2, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly reduced. Triglyceride (TG) levels in both intervention groups were significantly reduced. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated albumin, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels in intervention group 1 were decreased, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) decreased slightly. Glycosylated albumin, TG, and total cholesterol levels in intervention group 2 decreased, while HDL-c decreased slightly, High sensitive C-reactive protein, MPO, Ox-LDL, LEP, TGF-β, IL-6, GPLD1, pro NT, GPC-4, and LPS levels in both intervention groups were lower when compared with controls. Adiponectin (ADPN) levels in intervention groups were higher when compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in intervention group 1 were lower when compared with controls. There is no obvious difference in α diversity and β diversity between intestinal flora of 3 groups. Among the first 10 species of Phylum, only the control group and the intervention group 2 had significantly higher Patescibacteria than the intervention group 1. Among the first 10 species of Genus, only the number of Agathobacter in intervention group 2 was significantly higher than that in control group and intervention group 1.
We showed that an LCD, where nutritional protein powder replaced some staple foods and dietary fiber and fish oil were simultaneously supplemented, significantly reduced weight and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese individuals when compared with an LCD which reduced staple food intake.
我们探讨了用补充性营养蛋白粉、膳食纤维和鱼油替代正常饮食主食对几个代谢参数的饮食影响。与采用减少主食摄入的低碳水化合物饮食的个体相比，我们研究了肥胖个体的体重减轻、糖脂代谢及肠道菌群情况。
根据纳入和排除标准，招募了99名参与者（体重指数（BMI）为28kg/m²≤BMI≤35kg/m²），并随机分为对照组、干预1组和干预2组。在干预前以及干预后4周和13周进行体格检查并收集生化指标。13周后，收集粪便并进行16s rDNA测序。
13周后，与对照组相比，干预1组的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、收缩压和舒张压值均显著降低。干预2组的体重、BMI、腰围和臀围显著降低。两个干预组的甘油三酯（TG）水平均显著降低。干预1组的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、糖化白蛋白、总胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平降低，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）略有下降。干预2组的糖化白蛋白、TG和总胆固醇水平降低，而HDL-c略有下降。与对照组相比，两个干预组的高敏C反应蛋白、髓过氧化物酶、氧化低密度脂蛋白、瘦素、转化生长因子-β、白细胞介素-6、糖磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶D1、氨基末端前体脑钠肽、糖蛋白-多糖4和脂多糖水平均较低。与对照组相比，干预组的脂联素（ADPN）水平较高。与对照组相比，干预1组的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平较低。三组肠道菌群的α多样性和β多样性无明显差异。在前10个门的物种中，只有对照组和干预2组的Patescibacteria显著高于干预1组。在前10个属的物种中，只有干预2组的阿加索杆菌数量显著高于对照组和干预1组。
我们发现，与减少主食摄入量的低碳水化合物饮食相比，用营养蛋白粉替代部分主食并同时补充膳食纤维和鱼油的低碳水化合物饮食能显著减轻肥胖个体的体重，并改善其碳水化合物和脂质代谢。
