University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave. S., St. Petersburg, FL, USA.
Fishhead Labs, LLC, Stuart, Florida.
Aquat Toxicol. 2023 May;258:106512. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106512. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout, demersal longline surveys were conducted across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) continental shelf to evaluate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, tissue accumulation, and health indices in demersal fishes. Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), a target species due to Gulf-wide distribution with documented high exposure to PAHs, were collected in the north central GoM at repeat stations 2012 to 2015, and from the northwest GoM, Bay of Campeche, and Yucatán Shelf in 2015 and 2016. Liver samples (n = 239) were analyzed for microscopic hepatic changes (MHCs) by a board-certified veterinary pathologist. Histological analyzes identified 14 MHCs. Prevalence of MHCs was generally uniform throughout the GoM, except for low prevalence on the Yucatán Shelf. Inflammatory and vacuolar changes were most prevalent, while pre-neoplasia and neoplasia were rare. Tilefish sampled annually in the north central GoM showed increases in inflammatory MHCs and glycogen-type vacuolar change over time, while lipid-type vacuolar change decreased over time. Short-term exposure to PAHs was assessed by measuring PAH metabolites in bile (n = 100) using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Longer-term accumulation of PAHs in tissue was assessed by analyzing liver (n = 111) for PAHs and alkylated homologs using QuEChERS extractions and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Six MHCs including glycogen-type vacuolar change, biliary fibrosis, foci of cellular alteration, parasites, hepatocellular atrophy, and necrosis were significantly associated with hepatic PAH accumulation in Tilefish from the northern central GoM; however, no MHCs were associated with biliary PAH metabolites. Combined with previous studies of PAH exposure and health indices in north central GoM Tilefish post-Deepwater Horizon, which also identified decreases in hepatic lipid storage and Fulton's condition factor that were correlated to increasing PAH exposure, these data indicate concerning temporal trends and changes in hepatic energy storage.
在 2010 年深海地平线井喷事件之后，对墨西哥湾大陆架进行了底拖网调查，以评估底栖鱼类中多环芳烃 (PAH) 的暴露、组织积累和健康指数。由于在整个海湾都有分布，并且有记录表明它们接触多环芳烃的程度很高，所以方头鱼（Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps）成为了目标物种。2012 年至 2015 年，在墨西哥湾中北部的重复站点采集了方头鱼样本，并于 2015 年和 2016 年在墨西哥湾西北部的坎佩切湾和尤卡坦大陆架采集了样本。由一名经过委员会认证的兽医病理学家对方头鱼的肝脏样本（n=239）进行了微观肝变化 (MHCs) 的分析。组织学分析确定了 14 种 MHCs。除了尤卡坦大陆架的 MHCs 流行率较低外，MHCs 的流行率在整个墨西哥湾都普遍均匀。炎症和空泡变化最为普遍，而前瘤和肿瘤则很少见。在墨西哥湾中北部每年采样的方头鱼显示，随着时间的推移，炎症 MHCs 和糖原型空泡变化增加，而脂质型空泡变化减少。通过使用高效液相色谱法和荧光检测测量胆汁中的 PAH 代谢物（n=100）来评估短期暴露于 PAHs。通过使用 QuEChERS 提取和气相色谱串联质谱法分析肝脏（n=111）中的 PAH 和烷基化同系物来评估组织中 PAH 的长期积累。在来自墨西哥湾中北部的方头鱼中，六种 MHCs，包括糖原型空泡变化、胆汁纤维化、细胞变化焦点、寄生虫、肝细胞萎缩和坏死，与肝脏中的 PAH 积累显著相关；然而，没有 MHCs 与胆汁中的 PAH 代谢物有关。结合之前在墨西哥湾中北部对深海地平线事件后方头鱼的 PAH 暴露和健康指数的研究，这些研究也发现了肝脂储存和富尔顿状况因子的减少，这与 PAH 暴露的增加有关，这些数据表明存在令人担忧的时间趋势和肝能量储存的变化。
