University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad de México, CDMX, México.
Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 15;10(1):6437. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62944-6.
Despite over seven decades of production and hundreds of oil spills per year, there were no comprehensive baselines for petroleum contamination in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) prior to this study. Subsequent to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, we implemented Gulf-wide fish surveys extending over seven years (2011-2018). A total of 2,503 fishes, comprised of 91 species, were sampled from 359 locations and evaluated for biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. The northern GoM had significantly higher total biliary PAH concentrations than the West Florida Shelf, and coastal regions off Mexico and Cuba. The highest concentrations of biliary PAH metabolites occurred in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares), Golden Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Conversely, biliary PAH concentrations were relatively low for most other species including economically important snappers and groupers. While oil contamination in most demersal species in the north central GoM declined in the first few years following DWH, more recent increases in exposure to PAHs in some species suggest a complex interaction between multiple input sources and possible re-suspension or bioturbation of oil-contaminated sediments. This study provides the most comprehensive baselines of PAH exposure in fishes ever conducted for a large marine ecosystem.
尽管墨西哥湾（GoM）已经有超过 70 年的石油生产历史，并且每年都会发生数百起溢油事件，但在本研究之前，该地区还没有针对石油污染的全面基准数据。在 2010 年深水地平线（DWH）溢油事件之后，我们进行了为期七年（2011-2018 年）的海湾范围鱼类调查。总共从 359 个地点采集了 2503 条鱼类样本，这些鱼类由 91 个物种组成，并评估了它们胆汁中的多环芳烃（PAH）浓度。与佛罗里达西海岸、墨西哥和古巴沿海地区相比，墨西哥湾北部的总胆汁 PAH 浓度明显更高。胆汁中 PAH 代谢物浓度最高的鱼类是黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）、金头鲷（Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps）和红鼓鱼（Sciaenops ocellatus）。相反，大多数其他鱼类的胆汁 PAH 浓度相对较低，包括经济上重要的笛鲷和石斑鱼。尽管在 DWH 事件后的头几年，北中墨西哥湾的大多数底栖物种的石油污染有所减少，但最近一些物种接触 PAHs 的情况有所增加，这表明多种污染源之间存在复杂的相互作用，以及石油污染沉积物可能再次悬浮或生物搅动。本研究为大型海洋生态系统提供了有史以来最全面的鱼类 PAH 暴露基准数据。
