Morishita Masaki, Katsumi Hidemasa, Yamamoto Akira
Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2023;143(4):365-368. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00170-5.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nanoparticles secreted from cells that are involved in biological functions by transferring their cargo to target cells. Novel disease diagnostic and therapeutic methods may be developed utilizing EV derived from specific cells. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV have several useful effects, including tissue repair. Several clinical trials are currently underway. Recent studies have demonstrated that EV secretion is not limited to mammals but also occurs in microorganisms. Since EV from microorganisms contain various bioactive molecules, elucidation of their effects on the host and their practical use is of great interest. On the other hand, for EV utilization, it is necessary to clarify their basic characteristics, such as physical properties and effects on target cells, and to develop a drug delivery system that can manipulate and utilize EV functions. However, the current state of knowledge on EV derived from microorganisms is very limited compared to that of mammalian cell-derived EV. Therefore, we focused on probiotics, microorganisms that have beneficial effects on living organisms. Since probiotics are widely used as pharmaceuticals and functional foods, the utilization of EV secreted from probiotics is expected to benefit clinical fields. In this review, we describe our research on elucidating the effects of probiotic-derived EV on the innate immune response of the host and evaluating their availability as a novel adjuvant.
细胞外囊泡（EV）是细胞分泌的纳米颗粒，通过将其携带的物质转移到靶细胞而参与生物学功能。利用源自特定细胞的EV可能开发出新的疾病诊断和治疗方法。特别是，间充质干细胞衍生的EV具有多种有益作用，包括组织修复。目前正在进行多项临床试验。最近的研究表明，EV分泌不仅限于哺乳动物，在微生物中也会发生。由于来自微生物的EV含有各种生物活性分子，阐明它们对宿主的影响及其实际应用具有极大的意义。另一方面，为了利用EV，有必要阐明它们的基本特性，如物理性质和对靶细胞的影响，并开发一种能够操纵和利用EV功能的药物递送系统。然而，与哺乳动物细胞衍生的EV相比，目前关于微生物衍生的EV的知识非常有限。因此，我们专注于益生菌，即对生物体有有益作用的微生物。由于益生菌被广泛用作药物和功能性食品，预计利用益生菌分泌的EV将使临床领域受益。在这篇综述中，我们描述了我们在阐明益生菌衍生的EV对宿主先天免疫反应的影响以及评估它们作为新型佐剂的可用性方面的研究。
