Department of Post Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 16;11:1070827. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1070827. eCollection 2023.
Depression is a common psychiatric health issue affecting an estimated 5% of adults worldwide, and it can lead to disability and increased economic burden. Consequently, identifying the factors associated with depression as early as possible is a vital issue. The aim of this study was to explore these associations in a large cohort of 121,601 Taiwanese participants in the Taiwan Biobank, and also to identify sex differences in the associations.
The study cohort included 77,902 women and 43,699 men (mean age, 49.9 ± 11.0 years), who were further classified into those with depression ( = 4,362; 3.6%) and those without depression ( = 117,239; 96.4%).
The results of multivariable analysis showed that female sex (vs. male sex; odds ratio = 2.578; 95% confidence interval = 2.319-2.866; < 0.001) was significantly associated with depression. Older age, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, low systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking history, living alone, low glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high triglycerides, and low uric acid were significantly associated with depression in the men. In the women, older age, DM, hypertension, low SBP, smoking history, alcohol history, education level of middle and high school (vs. lower than elementary school), living alone, high body mass index (BMI), menopause, low HbA1c, high triglycerides, high total cholesterol, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and low uric acid were significantly associated with depression. Further, there were significant interactions between sex and DM ( = 0.047), smoking history ( < 0.001), alcohol use ( < 0.001), BMI ( = 0.022), triglyceride ( = 0.033), eGFR ( = 0.001), and uric acid ( = 0.004) on depression.
In conclusion, our results showed sex differences in depression, and the women were significantly associated with depression compared to men. Furthermore, we also found sex differences among the risk factors associated with depression.
抑郁症是一种常见的精神健康问题，估计影响全球 5%的成年人，可导致残疾和经济负担增加。因此，尽早识别与抑郁症相关的因素是至关重要的。本研究旨在探讨 121601 名台湾生物库参与者的大型队列中这些关联，并确定性别在关联中的差异。
研究队列包括 77902 名女性和 43699 名男性（平均年龄 49.9±11.0 岁），进一步分为抑郁症患者（=4362 例；3.6%）和非抑郁症患者（=117239 例；96.4%）。
多变量分析结果显示，女性（vs. 男性；比值比=2.578；95%置信区间=2.319-2.866；<0.001）与抑郁症显著相关。年龄较大、糖尿病（DM）、高血压、低收缩压（SBP）、吸烟史、独居、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）低、甘油三酯高和尿酸低与男性的抑郁症显著相关。在女性中，年龄较大、DM、高血压、低 SBP、吸烟史、饮酒史、中学及以上（vs. 低于小学）教育水平、独居、高体重指数（BMI）、绝经、HbA1c 低、甘油三酯高、总胆固醇高、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）低和尿酸低与抑郁症显著相关。此外，性别与 DM（=0.047）、吸烟史（<0.001）、饮酒史（<0.001）、BMI（=0.022）、甘油三酯（=0.033）、eGFR（=0.001）和尿酸（=0.004）之间存在显著交互作用。
总之，我们的研究结果表明性别与抑郁症存在差异，女性与男性相比，抑郁症的发生率显著升高。此外，我们还发现与抑郁症相关的危险因素存在性别差异。
