Pesantes Nicole, Barberá Ana, Pérez-Rocher Benjamí, Artacho Alejandro, Vargas Sergio Luís, Moya Andrés, Ruiz-Ruiz Susana
Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), València, Spain.
Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Mar 16;14:1094071. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094071. eCollection 2023.
Spain has an aging population; 19.93% of the Spanish population is over 65. Aging is accompanied by several health issues, including mental health disorders and changes in the gut microbiota. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network linking the central nervous system with gastrointestinal tract functions, and therefore, the gut microbiota can influence an individual's mental health. Furthermore, aging-related physiological changes affect the gut microbiota, with differences in taxa and their associated metabolic functions between younger and older people. Here, we took a case-control approach to study the interplay between gut microbiota and mental health of elderly people. Fecal and saliva samples from 101 healthy volunteers over 65 were collected, of which 28 (EE|MH group) reported using antidepressants or medication for anxiety or insomnia at the time of sampling. The rest of the volunteers (EE|NOMH group) were the control group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing were applied to determine the differences between intestinal and oral microbiota. Significant differences in genera were found, specifically eight in the gut microbiota, and five in the oral microbiota. Functional analysis of fecal samples showed differences in five orthologous genes related to tryptophan metabolism, the precursor of serotonin and melatonin, and in six categories related to serine metabolism, a precursor of tryptophan. Moreover, we found 29 metabolic pathways with significant inter-group differences, including pathways regulating longevity, the dopaminergic synapse, the serotoninergic synapse, and two amino acids.
西班牙人口老龄化；19.93%的西班牙人口年龄在65岁以上。老龄化伴随着多种健康问题，包括心理健康障碍和肠道微生物群的变化。肠-脑轴是一个将中枢神经系统与胃肠道功能联系起来的双向网络，因此，肠道微生物群可以影响个体的心理健康。此外，与衰老相关的生理变化会影响肠道微生物群，年轻人和老年人在分类群及其相关代谢功能上存在差异。在这里，我们采用病例对照方法研究老年人肠道微生物群与心理健康之间的相互作用。收集了101名65岁以上健康志愿者的粪便和唾液样本，其中28人（EE|MH组）在采样时报告正在使用抗抑郁药或治疗焦虑或失眠的药物。其余志愿者（EE|NOMH组）为对照组。应用16S rRNA基因测序和宏基因组测序来确定肠道和口腔微生物群之间的差异。发现属水平存在显著差异，具体而言，肠道微生物群中有8种，口腔微生物群中有5种。粪便样本的功能分析显示，与血清素和褪黑素的前体色氨酸代谢相关的5个直系同源基因以及与色氨酸的前体丝氨酸代谢相关的6个类别存在差异。此外，我们发现29条代谢途径存在显著的组间差异，包括调节长寿的途径、多巴胺能突触、5-羟色胺能突触和两种氨基酸。
