Whannou Habib Rainier Vihotogbe, Spanoghe Martin, Dayo Guiguigbaza-Kossigan, Demblon Dominique, Lanterbecq Deborah, Dossa Luc Hippolyte
Ecole des Sciences et Techniques de Production Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Biology, Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, Hainaut, Belgium.
Front Genet. 2023 Mar 17;14:1079048. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1079048. eCollection 2023.
Improved knowledge of the diversity within and among local animal populations is increasingly necessary for their sustainable management. Accordingly, this study assessed the genetic diversity and structure of the indigenous goat population of Benin. Nine hundred and fifty-four goats were sampled across the three vegetation zones of Benin [i.e., Guineo-Congolese zone (GCZ), Guineo-Sudanian zone (GSZ), and Sudanian zone (SZ)] and genotyped with 12 multiplexed microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity and structure of the indigenous goat population of Benin were examined using the usual genetic indices (number of alleles Na, expected and observed heterozygosities He and Ho, Fixation index F, coefficient of genetic differentiation G), and three different methods of structure assessment [Bayesian admixture model in STRUCTURE, self-organizing map (SOM), and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC)]. The mean values of Na (11.25), He (0.69), Ho (0.66), F (0.012), and G (0.012) estimated in the indigenous Beninese goat population highlighted great genetic diversity. STRUCTURE and SOM results showed the existence of two distinct goat groups (Djallonké and Sahelian) with high crossbreeding effects. Furthermore, DAPC distinguished four clusters within the goat population descending from the two ancestry groups. Clusters 1 and 3 (most individuals from GCZ) respectively showed a mean Djallonké ancestry proportion of 73.79% and 71.18%, whereas cluster 4 (mainly of goats from SZ and some goats of GSZ) showed a mean Sahelian ancestry proportion of 78.65%. Cluster 2, which grouped almost all animals from the three zones, was also of Sahelian ancestry but with a high level of interbreeding, as shown by the mean membership proportion of only 62.73%. It is therefore urgent to develop community management programs and selection schemes for the main goat types to ensure the sustainability of goat production in Benin.
对于当地动物种群进行可持续管理而言，深入了解其内部和种群间的多样性变得愈发必要。因此，本研究评估了贝宁本土山羊种群的遗传多样性和结构。在贝宁的三个植被区[即几内亚 - 刚果区（GCZ）、几内亚 - 苏丹区（GSZ）和苏丹区（SZ）]对954只山羊进行了采样，并用12个多重微卫星标记进行基因分型。使用常规遗传指标（等位基因数Na、期望杂合度和观察杂合度He和Ho、固定指数F、遗传分化系数G）以及三种不同的结构评估方法[STRUCTURE中的贝叶斯混合模型、自组织映射（SOM）和主成分判别分析（DAPC）]对贝宁本土山羊种群的遗传多样性和结构进行了研究。在贝宁本土山羊种群中估计的Na（11.25）、He（0.69）、Ho（0.66）、F（0.012）和G（0.012）的平均值突出显示了其高度的遗传多样性。STRUCTURE和SOM结果表明存在两个不同的山羊群体（贾隆凯和萨赫勒），且具有较高的杂交效应。此外，DAPC在源自两个祖先群体的山羊种群中区分出四个聚类。聚类1和聚类3（大多来自GCZ的个体）分别显示贾隆凯祖先比例的平均值为73.79%和71.18%，而聚类4（主要是来自SZ的山羊和一些GSZ的山羊）显示萨赫勒祖先比例的平均值为78.65%。聚类2几乎将来自三个区的所有动物归为一组，其也是萨赫勒血统，但杂交程度较高，平均成员比例仅为62.73%即可表明。因此，迫切需要为主要山羊类型制定社区管理计划和选择方案，以确保贝宁山羊生产的可持续性。
