Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 16;14(1):16342. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67374-2.
Indigenous goats are important to many livelihoods. Despite this, they are subjected to indiscriminate crossbreeding. This affects their genetic variability which is needed to survive in current regime of climate change. The study assessed population structure and genetic diversity of Galla and Small East African goats (SEA) using pedigree information. A total of 7384 animals, 5222 of the Galla and 2162 of the SEA breeds, born between the years 1983 and 2022, were utilized. Individuals with known parents were defined as reference population. From the results, the maximum generation traced for Galla and SEA populations was 14.6 and 14.5, respectively. However, only 6 and 5 generations for Galla and SEA were complete. Pedigree completeness increased with the increasing number of generations. The average generation interval (GI) for Galla and SEA was 3.84 ± 0.04 and 4.4 ± 0.13 years. The average increase in the rate of inbreeding per generation for Galla and SEA was 0.04 and 0.05, with the effective ancestors and founders (fa/fe) ratio being same (1.00) for both breeds. Fifty percent (50%) of the genetic variability in the populations was contributed by 3 and 1 ancestor for Galla SEA, respectively. The effective population size (Ne) was 5.19 and 4.77 for Galla and SEA. Therefore, the current breeding programs should be changed to avoid future genetic bottlenecks in this population. These findings offer an opportunity to enhance the current genetic status and management of Kenyan native goats and other regions with similar production systems.
本地山羊对许多生计都很重要。尽管如此，它们还是遭受了不分青红皂白的杂交。这影响了它们在当前气候变化的生存模式下所需的遗传变异性。本研究利用系谱信息评估了加拉和东非小尾寒羊（SEA）的群体结构和遗传多样性。总共使用了 7384 只动物，其中 5222 只为加拉，2162 只为 SEA，它们出生于 1983 年至 2022 年之间。具有已知父母的个体被定义为参考群体。结果表明，加拉和 SEA 群体可追溯到的最大世代分别为 14.6 和 14.5，但仅完成了 6 和 5 个世代。系谱完整性随着世代数的增加而增加。加拉和 SEA 的平均世代间隔（GI）分别为 3.84 ± 0.04 和 4.4 ± 0.13 年。加拉和 SEA 每代的近交率平均增加 0.04 和 0.05，有效祖先和奠基人（fa/fe）比率相同（1.00）。加拉和 SEA 群体的遗传变异性有 50%分别由 3 和 1 个祖先贡献。加拉和 SEA 的有效群体大小（Ne）分别为 5.19 和 4.77。因此，当前的繁殖计划应该改变，以避免未来该群体的遗传瓶颈。这些发现为提高肯尼亚本地山羊和其他具有类似生产系统的地区的当前遗传状况和管理水平提供了机会。
