Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Centre for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 16;14:1085872. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085872. eCollection 2023.
Traditional therapeutic interventions aim to restore male fertile potential or preserve sperm viability in severe cases, such as semen cryopreservation, testicular tissue, germ cell transplantation and testicular graft. However, these techniques demonstrate several methodological, clinical, and biological limitations, that impact in their results. In this scenario, reproductive medicine has sought biotechnological alternatives applied for infertility treatment, or to improve gamete preservation and thus increase reproductive rates and . One of the main approaches employed is the biomimetic testicular tissue reconstruction, which uses tissue-engineering principles and methodologies. This strategy pursues to mimic the testicular microenvironment, simulating physiological conditions. Such approach allows male gametes maintenance in culture or produce viable grafts that can be transplanted and restore reproductive functions. In this context, the application of several biomaterials have been proposed to be used in artificial biological systems. From synthetic polymers to decellularized matrixes, each biomaterial has advantages and disadvantages regarding its application in cell culture and tissue reconstruction. Therefore, the present review aims to list the progress that has been made and the continued challenges facing testicular regenerative medicine and the preservation of male reproductive capacity, based on the development of tissue bioengineering approaches for testicular tissue microenvironment reconstruction.
传统的治疗干预旨在恢复男性生育能力或在严重情况下保存精子活力，如精液冷冻保存、睾丸组织、生殖细胞移植和睾丸移植。然而，这些技术表现出多种方法学、临床和生物学限制，影响了其结果。在这种情况下，生殖医学已经寻求生物技术替代方法来治疗不孕不育，或改善配子保存，从而提高生殖率。所采用的主要方法之一是仿生睾丸组织重建，它利用组织工程学原理和方法。该策略旨在模拟睾丸微环境，模拟生理条件。这种方法允许在培养物中维持精子发生或产生可移植并恢复生殖功能的有活力的移植物。在这种情况下，已经提出了几种生物材料在人工生物系统中的应用。从合成聚合物到脱细胞基质，每种生物材料在细胞培养和组织重建中的应用都有其优点和缺点。因此，本综述旨在根据睾丸组织微环境重建的组织生物工程方法的发展，列出睾丸再生医学和男性生殖能力保存所取得的进展和持续面临的挑战。
