Cruz Daryl D, Ospina-Garcés Sandra Milena, Arellano Elizabeth, Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos N, Nava-García Elizabeth, Alcalá Raúl
Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación (CIByC), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, CP, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos No. 44 y 46. Col. Centro, CP, 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2023 Mar 15;3:100119. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100119. eCollection 2023.
A recent phylogenetic analysis of , an important Chagas disease vector in Mexico, based on molecular markers, revealed five monophyletic haplogroups with validity as cryptic species. Here, we compare haplogroups using head and pronotum features, environmental characteristics of their habitats, and ecological niche modeling. To analyze variation in shape, images of the head and pronotum of the specimens were obtained and analyzed using methods based on landmarks and semi-landmarks. Ecological niche models were obtained from occurrence data, as well as a set of bioclimatic variables that characterized the environmental niche of each analyzed haplogroup. Deformation grids for head showed a slight displacement towards posterior region of pre-ocular landmarks. Greatest change in head shape was observed with strong displacement towards anterior region of antenniferous tubercle. Procrustes ANOVA and pairwise comparisons showed differences in mean head shape in almost all haplogroups. However, pairwise comparisons of mean pronotum shape only showed differences among three haplogroups. Correct classification of all haplogroups was not possible using discriminant analysis. Important differences were found among the environmental niches of the analyzed haplogroups. Ecological niche models of each haplogroup did not predict the climatic suitability areas of the other haplogroups, revealing differences in environmental conditions. Significant differences were found between at least two haplogroups, demonstrating distinct environmental preferences among them. Our results show how the analysis of morphometric variation and the characterization of the environmental conditions that define the climatic niche can be used to improve the delimitation of haplogroups that constitute cryptic species.
最近基于分子标记对墨西哥恰加斯病的一种重要传播媒介进行的系统发育分析，揭示了五个单系单倍群，它们可作为隐存种。在此，我们利用头部和前胸背板特征、其栖息地的环境特征以及生态位建模来比较单倍群。为了分析形状变化，获取了标本头部和前胸背板的图像，并使用基于地标和半地标方法进行分析。生态位模型是根据出现数据以及一组表征每个分析单倍群环境生态位的生物气候变量获得的。头部的变形网格显示眼前地标向后方区域有轻微位移。在触角瘤向前方区域有强烈位移时，观察到头部形状的最大变化。普氏方差分析和成对比较显示几乎所有单倍群的平均头部形状存在差异。然而，平均前胸背板形状的成对比较仅显示三个单倍群之间存在差异。使用判别分析无法对所有单倍群进行正确分类。在所分析的单倍群的环境生态位之间发现了重要差异。每个单倍群的生态位模型并未预测其他单倍群的气候适宜区，揭示了环境条件的差异。至少两个单倍群之间发现了显著差异，表明它们之间存在不同的环境偏好。我们的结果表明，形态测量变异分析以及定义气候生态位的环境条件表征如何可用于改进对构成隐存种的单倍群的界定。
