Nishikawa T, Bruyere H J, Takagi Y, Gilbert E F, Matsuoka R
J Appl Toxicol. 1986 Apr;6(2):91-4. doi: 10.1002/jat.2550060205.
Phenobarbital was observed to produce cardiovascular malformations in embryonic chicks. Malformations included simple ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect associated with dextroposition of the aorta, double outlet right ventricle, and several types of aortic arch anomalies. Embryos were exposed to phenobarbital at doses of 1-25 mumol on day 4 of incubation (Hamburger-Hamilton developmental stage 24). Doses equal to and greater than 5 mumol phenobarbital (26 mg/kg egg) significantly increased the frequency of embryos with cardiovascular malformations compared with lesser doses and with saline. A significant reduction in heart rate and abnormal rhythm of the heart were observed in embryos treated with teratogenic doses of phenobarbital. No arrhythmia nor significant changes in heart rate were observed in embryos exposed to subteratogenic doses of phenobarbital or to saline.
据观察，苯巴比妥可在胚胎小鸡中引发心血管畸形。畸形包括单纯室间隔缺损、伴有主动脉右位的室间隔缺损、右心室双出口以及几种类型的主动脉弓异常。在孵化第4天（汉伯格-汉密尔顿发育阶段24），将胚胎暴露于剂量为1-25微摩尔的苯巴比妥中。与较低剂量及生理盐水相比，等于及大于5微摩尔苯巴比妥（26毫克/千克鸡蛋）的剂量显著增加了出现心血管畸形胚胎的频率。在用致畸剂量苯巴比妥处理的胚胎中，观察到心率显著降低以及心脏节律异常。在暴露于低于致畸剂量苯巴比妥或生理盐水的胚胎中，未观察到心律失常或心率的显著变化。
