Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Gut Microbes. 2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2192458. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2192458.
For over a century, physicians have witnessed a common enrichment of bifidobacteria in the feces of breast-fed infants that was readily associated with infant health status. Recent advances in bacterial genomics, metagenomics, and glycomics have helped explain the nature of this unique enrichment and enabled the tailored use of probiotic supplementation to restore missing bifidobacterial functions in at-risk infants. This review documents a 20-year span of discoveries that set the stage for the current use of human milk oligosaccharide-consuming bifidobacteria to beneficially colonize, modulate, and protect the intestines of at-risk, human milk-fed, neonates. This review also presents a model for probiotic applications wherein bifidobacterial , in the form of colonization and HMO-related catabolic activity , represent measurable metabolic outcomes by which probiotic efficacy can be scored toward improving infant health.
一个多世纪以来，医生们已经注意到母乳喂养婴儿的粪便中双歧杆菌的含量普遍增加，这与婴儿的健康状况密切相关。细菌基因组学、宏基因组学和聚糖组学的最新进展有助于解释这种独特的富集现象，并使人们能够有针对性地使用益生菌补充剂来恢复高危婴儿缺失的双歧杆菌功能。本综述记录了 20 年来的发现，为当前使用消耗人乳低聚糖的双歧杆菌有益定植、调节和保护高危、母乳喂养的新生儿肠道奠定了基础。本综述还提出了益生菌应用的模型，其中双歧杆菌以定植和 HMO 相关代谢活性的形式，代表了可衡量的代谢结果，通过这些结果可以衡量益生菌的功效，从而改善婴儿的健康。
