Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Lancet Microbe. 2022 Oct;3(10):e787-e794. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00185-9. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Vaccines are one of the greatest successes of public health, preventing millions of cases of disease and death in children each year. However, the efficacy of many vaccines can vary greatly between infants from geographically and socioeconomically distinct locations. Differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiome have emerged as one of the main factors that can account for variations in immunisation outcomes. In this Review, we assess the influence of the gut microbiota upon early life immunity, focusing on two important members of the microbiota with health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties: Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. Additionally, we discuss their immune stimulatory microbial properties, interactions with the host, and their effect on vaccine responses and efficacy in infants. We also provide an overview of current microbiota-based approaches to enhance vaccine outcomes, and describe novel microbe-derived components that could lead to safer, more effective vaccines and vaccine adjuvants.
疫苗是公共卫生领域最伟大的成就之一，每年可预防数百万例儿童疾病和死亡。然而，许多疫苗在地理位置和社会经济背景不同的婴儿中的功效可能有很大差异。肠道微生物组的组成差异已成为导致免疫接种结果差异的主要因素之一。在这篇综述中，我们评估了肠道微生物群对生命早期免疫的影响，重点关注两种具有促进健康和免疫调节特性的重要微生物群成员：双歧杆菌和拟杆菌。此外，我们还讨论了它们的免疫刺激微生物特性、与宿主的相互作用，以及它们对婴儿疫苗反应和功效的影响。我们还概述了目前基于微生物组的方法来增强疫苗效果，并描述了可能导致更安全、更有效的疫苗和疫苗佐剂的新型微生物衍生成分。
