Alanazi S M, Alsaqer R A, Alsaeed F I, Almakhaytah R M, Buwashl N T, Mohamed M E, Younis N S
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Mar;27(6):2404-2418. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31775.
High-fat diet is one of the most imperative risk factors for cardiovascular disorders. Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the active pharmacological components of Nigella sativa (black cumin). Salvia officinalis L. (sage) has been demonstrated to have diverse pharmacological actions. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of sage and TQ combination on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, blood pressure, and lipid profile in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD).
Wistar male rats were divided into five groups; normal diet (ND) and HFD, in which rats were fed with a normal diet or HFD for 10 weeks, respectively. In HFD + sage group, animals were administered sage essential oil (0.052 ml/kg) orally along with HFD. In HFD + TQ group, rats were administered TQ (50 mg/kg) orally with HFD. In HF + sage + TQ group, animals received sage + TQ along with HFD. Blood glucose (BGL) and Fast serum insulin (FSI) levels, oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure, liver function tests, plasma, and hepatic oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione content, and lipid profile were measured.
Sage and TQ combination decreased the final body weight, weight gain, BGL, FSI, and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The combination also lowered systolic and diastolic arterial pressures and liver function enzymes. The combination deterred lipid peroxidation, advanced protein oxidation product, and nitric oxide amplification, as well as restoring the superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, and glutathione content in plasma and hepatic tissue. Sage and TQ combination reduced the plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and amplified high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
The results of the current study verified that sage essential oil, together with TQ exhibited hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant actions and thus could be a valuable addition to diabetes management.
高脂饮食是心血管疾病最重要的危险因素之一。百里醌（TQ）是黑种草（黑孜然）的活性药理成分之一。鼠尾草已被证明具有多种药理作用。本研究的主要目的是确定鼠尾草和百里醌组合对高脂饮食（HFD）喂养大鼠的高血糖、氧化应激、血压和血脂谱的影响。
将雄性Wistar大鼠分为五组；正常饮食（ND）组和HFD组，其中大鼠分别给予正常饮食或HFD 10周。在HFD +鼠尾草组中，动物在给予HFD的同时口服鼠尾草精油（0.052 ml/kg）。在HFD + TQ组中，大鼠在给予HFD的同时口服TQ（50 mg/kg）。在HF +鼠尾草+ TQ组中，动物在给予HFD的同时接受鼠尾草+ TQ。测量血糖（BGL）和空腹血清胰岛素（FSI）水平、口服葡萄糖耐量试验、血压、肝功能试验、血浆和肝脏氧化应激标志物、抗氧化酶、谷胱甘肽含量以及血脂谱。
鼠尾草和TQ组合降低了最终体重、体重增加、BGL、FSI和稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）。该组合还降低了收缩压和舒张压以及肝功能酶。该组合抑制了脂质过氧化、晚期蛋白质氧化产物和一氧化氮放大，同时恢复了血浆和肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及谷胱甘肽含量。鼠尾草和TQ组合降低了血浆总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平，并提高了高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平。
本研究结果证实，鼠尾草精油与TQ一起具有降血糖、降血脂和抗氧化作用，因此可能是糖尿病管理中有价值的补充。
