Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Department of Nursing, Yamanashi Prefectural University, Kofu, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2023 May;23(5):348-354. doi: 10.1111/ggi.14573. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
This study aimed to examine the association between participation in health and frailty check-ups and functional outcomes and mortality, controlling for physical and cognitive function, or self-rated health among Japanese community-dwelling older adults.
A cohort of 5093 participants aged ≥65 years (not disabled or institutionalized), completed the baseline survey in April 2013. Functional outcomes and mortality served as follow-up data from April 2013 to March 2018. However, the data did not include events, such as certified cases for long-term care and death for 12 months from the start of follow-up. We collated data on the use of the annual health check system in 2012 and frailty check-ups using the postal Kihon Checklist in 2013. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the association between participation in the check-ups, and functional outcomes and mortality, adjusting for potential confounders.
Long-term care and mortality risks were significantly lower among those aged <75 years who used health screening than among those who did not, despite adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratios: 2.1-3.5). In those aged ≥75 years, the risk for long-term care was lower in individuals participating in both health and frailty check-ups and in those who participated in the frailty check-ups only, than in those who did not participate.
The association between participation in health and frailty check-ups and adverse health outcomes differed among the age groups, indicating the potential benefit of health and frailty check-ups in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 348-354.
本研究旨在检验日本社区居住的老年人参与健康和虚弱检查与功能结果和死亡率之间的关联，同时控制身体和认知功能或自我报告的健康状况。
一组 5093 名年龄≥65 岁（无残疾或未住院）的参与者于 2013 年 4 月完成了基线调查。功能结果和死亡率是从 2013 年 4 月到 2018 年 3 月的随访数据。然而，数据不包括从随访开始的 12 个月内经长期护理认证的病例和死亡等事件。我们整理了 2012 年使用年度健康检查系统和 2013 年使用邮政 Kihon 清单进行虚弱检查的数据。使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型，调整潜在混杂因素后，确定参与检查与功能结果和死亡率之间的关系。
尽管调整了混杂因素，但与未使用健康筛查的人相比，年龄<75 岁的使用健康筛查者的长期护理和死亡风险显著降低（风险比：2.1-3.5）。在年龄≥75 岁的人群中，同时参加健康和虚弱检查以及仅参加虚弱检查的个体的长期护理风险低于未参加的个体。
参与健康和虚弱检查与不良健康结果之间的关联在不同年龄组之间存在差异，这表明健康和虚弱检查对老年人可能有益。
