Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Economics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(21):59676-59688. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26688-w. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
Among the environmental economics research issues, the issue of convergence has received quite a lot of attention, which is also known as stationary analysis. In this research strand, whether shocks to the time series variable are permanent or temporary is tested via the unit root tests. In this study, based on the theory and empirical works of stochastic convergence, we evaluate the convergence for the BASIC member countries, including Brazil, South Africa, India, and China. We use a variety of methodologies to see whether the convergence of ecological footprint holds for these countries or not. We first use the wavelet decomposition technique to decompose the series into the short run, middle run, and long run, and then we run several unit root tests to confirm the stationarity property of the series. The methodologies implemented in this study allow us to apply econometric tests to the original series as well as to the decomposed series. The results of panel CIPS test demonstrate that the null hypothesis of unit root could be rejected for the short run but not for the middle and long run, implying that long-lasting impact might prevail due to any shocks to the ecological footprint in the middle and long run. The results for individual countries varied.
在环境经济学研究问题中，趋同问题受到了相当多的关注，也被称为平稳性分析。在这一研究脉络中，通过单位根检验来检验时间序列变量的冲击是永久性的还是暂时性的。在本研究中，基于随机收敛的理论和实证工作，我们评估了 BASIC 成员国（巴西、南非、印度和中国）的趋同情况。我们使用了多种方法来观察这些国家的生态足迹趋同是否成立。我们首先使用小波分解技术将序列分解为短期、中期和长期，然后运行几个单位根检验来确认序列的平稳性。本研究中采用的方法允许我们对原始序列和分解序列应用计量经济学检验。面板 CIPS 检验的结果表明，短期的单位根零假设可以被拒绝，但中期和长期的则不能，这意味着由于中期和长期生态足迹的任何冲击，可能会产生持久的影响。个别国家的结果有所不同。
