Department of Biological and Visual Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, USA.
J Vis. 2023 Apr 3;23(4):3. doi: 10.1167/jov.23.4.3.
Visual input plays an important role in the development of myopia (nearsightedness), a visual disorder that blurs vision at far distances. The risk of myopia progression increases with the time spent reading and decreases with outdoor activity for reasons that remain poorly understood. To investigate the stimulus parameters driving this disorder, we compared the visual input to the retina of humans performing two tasks associated with different risks of myopia progression, reading and walking. Human subjects performed the two tasks while wearing glasses with cameras and sensors that recorded visual scenes and visuomotor activity. When compared with walking, reading black text in white background reduced spatiotemporal contrast in central vision and increased it in peripheral vision, leading to a pronounced reduction in the ratio of central/peripheral strength of visual stimulation. It also made the luminance distribution heavily skewed toward negative dark contrast in central vision and positive light contrast in peripheral vision, decreasing the central/peripheral stimulation ratio of ON visual pathways. It also decreased fixation distance, blink rate, pupil size, and head-eye coordination reflexes dominated by ON pathways. Taken together with previous work, these results support the hypothesis that reading drives myopia progression by understimulating ON visual pathways.
视觉输入在近视（远视）的发展中起着重要作用，近视是一种视力模糊的视觉障碍。近视进展的风险随着阅读时间的增加而增加，随着户外活动的减少而降低，但原因仍不清楚。为了研究驱动这种疾病的刺激参数，我们比较了人类在进行两种与近视进展风险不同的任务时，即阅读和散步时，视网膜的视觉输入。当人类主体戴着带有摄像头和传感器的眼镜进行这两项任务时，这些传感器可以记录视觉场景和视觉运动活动。与散步相比，阅读白色背景上的黑色文字会降低中央视觉的时空对比度，并增加周边视觉的对比度，从而导致视觉刺激的中央/周边强度比明显降低。它还使中央视觉中的亮度分布严重偏向负暗对比度，而周边视觉中的亮度分布偏向正光对比度，从而降低了 ON 视觉通路的中央/周边刺激比。它还降低了注视距离、眨眼频率、瞳孔大小以及以 ON 通路为主导的眼-头协调反射。结合以前的工作，这些结果支持了阅读通过刺激不足 ON 视觉通路来驱动近视进展的假说。
