Wallman J, Gottlieb M D, Rajaram V, Fugate-Wentzek L A
Science. 1987 Jul 3;237(4810):73-7. doi: 10.1126/science.3603011.
In chicks, visual deprivation leads to myopia and enlargement of the vitreous chamber of the eye. When chicks were raised with white translucent occluders over their eyes so that either the nasal half, the temporal half, or all of the retina was visually deprived, the resulting myopia (median = -15 diopters) was limited to the deprived part of the retina, regardless of which half of the retina was visually deprived; the nondeprived part remained nearly emmetropic. Correspondingly, the vitreous chamber was elongated only in the region of the visual deprivation, resulting in eyes with different asymmetric shapes depending on which retinal region was deprived. These results argue for a local regulation of ocular growth that is dependent on vision and suggest a hypothesis to explain the epidemiological association of myopia in humans with large amounts of reading. Because most nonfoveal retinal neurons have large receptive fields, they cannot resolve the individual letters on the printed page; this may lead to their activity being less during reading than during most other forms of visual stimulation. Thus, the impoverished stimulus situation of reading may lead to myopia, as do other types of visual form deprivation.
在雏鸡中，视觉剥夺会导致近视以及眼玻璃体腔增大。当雏鸡在眼睛上覆盖白色半透明遮挡物饲养，使得视网膜的鼻侧半、颞侧半或整个视网膜出现视觉剥夺时，所产生的近视（中位数=-15屈光度）仅限于视网膜的剥夺部分，而不论视网膜的哪一半被视觉剥夺；未被剥夺的部分仍接近正视。相应地，玻璃体腔仅在视觉剥夺区域伸长，导致眼睛呈现出不同的不对称形状，具体取决于哪个视网膜区域被剥夺。这些结果支持了一种依赖视觉的眼部生长局部调节机制，并提出了一个假说来解释人类近视与大量阅读之间的流行病学关联。由于大多数非中央凹视网膜神经元具有较大的感受野，它们无法分辨印刷页面上的单个字母；这可能导致它们在阅读过程中的活动比在大多数其他形式的视觉刺激中更少。因此，阅读时这种匮乏的刺激情况可能会像其他类型的视觉形式剥夺一样导致近视。
