Pätsi Salla-Maaria, Toikka Arho, Ollila Hanna, Ruokolainen Otto
Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tob Control. 2024 Nov 10;33(e2):e158-e164. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057798.
Differences in tobacco retailer density between areas by sociodemographic composition have been observed. However, little research comes from European jurisdictions and from countries with a tobacco retail licensing system. In Finland, the system consists of criteria for retailers and supervision fees.
The tobacco product retail licence data and sociodemographic data were retrieved from corresponding Finnish authorities. Area-level tobacco availability was measured as the presence of a retailer and as the number of retailers per 1000 inhabitants by postcode area. Sociodemographic indicators included median income, percentage of inhabitants in the lowest income tertile, percentage of adults with higher education and unemployment rate. Analyses were based on logistic regression and Ordinary Least Squares regression with log-transformed density.
Lower area-level sociodemographic composition was mainly associated with higher tobacco availability. Income was the strongest correlate of the tobacco retailer availability: areas with higher median income had lower odds of having a tobacco retailer (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.61 per €1000) and lower retailer density (-4.4% per €1000, Cohen's =0.51). Areas with a greater proportion of people in the lowest income category had higher densities of tobacco retailers (+2.8% per percentage point, Cohen's =0.07). Other sociodemographic indicators showed inconsistent associations with retailer presence and density.
Tobacco availability can be higher in areas with lower sociodemographic composition also in a country with a comprehensive tobacco retail licensing system and small income inequalities. Retailing policies should be further developed to reduce tobacco availability and narrow inequalities in tobacco use.
已观察到不同社会人口构成地区的烟草零售商密度存在差异。然而，来自欧洲司法管辖区以及设有烟草零售许可制度国家的相关研究较少。在芬兰，该制度包括零售商标准和监管费用。
从芬兰相应当局获取烟草制品零售许可数据和社会人口数据。地区层面的烟草可及性通过零售商的存在情况以及按邮政编码区域计算的每1000名居民的零售商数量来衡量。社会人口指标包括收入中位数、最低收入三分位数居民的百分比、受过高等教育的成年人百分比以及失业率。分析基于逻辑回归和对密度进行对数转换后的普通最小二乘法回归。
较低的地区层面社会人口构成主要与较高的烟草可及性相关。收入是与烟草零售商可及性最强的关联因素：收入中位数较高的地区拥有烟草零售商的几率较低（每1000欧元的比值比为0.54，95%置信区间为0.48至0.61），且零售商密度较低（每1000欧元降低4.4%，科恩系数=0.51）。最低收入类别中人口比例较高的地区烟草零售商密度较高（每百分点增加2.8%，科恩系数=0.07）。其他社会人口指标与零售商的存在和密度之间的关联不一致。
在一个拥有全面烟草零售许可制度且收入不平等程度较小的国家，社会人口构成较低的地区烟草可及性可能更高。应进一步制定零售政策，以降低烟草可及性并缩小烟草使用方面的不平等。
