Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Tob Control. 2023 Sep;32(5):620-626. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057205. Epub 2022 May 5.
The Netherlands aims to implement stricter tobacco control policies targeting the retail environment. This paper is an ex ante policy evaluation of the potential impact of the current tobacco display and advertising ban as well as future tobacco sales bans on tobacco outlet visibility and availability.
Between September 2019 and June 2020, all potential tobacco retailers in four Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Haarlem and Zwolle) were visited and mapped using Global Positioning System. For each retailer selling tobacco, we completed a checklist on the visibility of tobacco products and advertising. Expected reductions in tobacco outlet visibility and availability were calculated per policy measure in absolute numbers (percentage or percentage point decrease) as well as density and proximity.
Out of 870 tobacco outlets, 690 were identified with visible tobacco products/advertising. The display ban in supermarkets and small outlets (respectively) is expected to decrease the number (-15; -42 percentage points), outlet density per 10 000 capita (-0.9; -2.6) and proximity in metres (+27 m; +400 m) of outlets with visible products/advertising. The upcoming bans on vending machines and sales in supermarkets are expected to decrease the number (-12%; -31%), density (-0.7; -1.9) and proximity (+12 m; +68 m) of tobacco outlets. Further changes in the number, density and proximity (respectively) of tobacco outlets may be achieved with future sales bans in petrol stations (-7%; -0.4; +60 m) and particularly with a ban on sales in small outlets (-43%; -2.7; +970 m).
A display ban and a sales ban in small outlets will contribute most to reducing tobacco outlet visibility and availability, assuming that no market shift towards other tobacco outlets will take place.
荷兰旨在实施更严格的烟草控制政策，针对零售环境。本文是对现行烟草展示和广告禁令以及未来烟草销售禁令对烟草销售点可见性和可得性的潜在影响进行的事前政策评估。
2019 年 9 月至 2020 年 6 月期间，使用全球定位系统对荷兰四个城市（阿姆斯特丹、埃因霍温、哈勒姆和兹沃勒）的所有潜在烟草零售商进行了访问和绘制地图。对于每一个销售烟草的零售商，我们都完成了一份关于烟草产品和广告可见性的清单。根据每个政策措施，预计烟草销售点的可见性和可得性会有绝对数量（百分比或百分比下降）以及密度和接近度的下降。
在 870 个烟草销售点中，有 690 个销售点有可见的烟草产品/广告。在超级市场和小零售店（分别）的展示禁令预计将减少数量（-15；-42 个百分点）、每 10000 人（分别为）的销售点密度（-0.9；-2.6）和以米为单位的接近度（+27 米；+400 米）的有可见产品/广告的销售点。即将出台的禁止自动售货机和超市销售的禁令预计将减少数量（-12%；-31%）、密度（-0.7；-1.9）和接近度（+12 米；+68 米）的烟草销售点。随着未来在加油站（-7%；-0.4；+60 米）和特别是在小零售店（-43%；-2.7；+970 米）禁止销售，烟草销售点的数量、密度和接近度（分别）可能会有进一步的变化。
如果没有烟草销售点向其他烟草销售点转移的市场趋势，展示禁令和小销售点销售禁令将对减少烟草销售点的可见性和可得性做出最大贡献。
