Department of Information Science, Cornell University, 343 Campus Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, 113 Research Dr, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 4;13(1):5487. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30938-9.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is already widely used in daily communication, but despite concerns about AI's negative effects on society the social consequences of using it to communicate remain largely unexplored. We investigate the social consequences of one of the most pervasive AI applications, algorithmic response suggestions ("smart replies"), which are used to send billions of messages each day. Two randomized experiments provide evidence that these types of algorithmic recommender systems change how people interact with and perceive one another in both pro-social and anti-social ways. We find that using algorithmic responses changes language and social relationships. More specifically, it increases communication speed, use of positive emotional language, and conversation partners evaluate each other as closer and more cooperative. However, consistent with common assumptions about the adverse effects of AI, people are evaluated more negatively if they are suspected to be using algorithmic responses. Thus, even though AI can increase the speed of communication and improve interpersonal perceptions, the prevailing anti-social connotations of AI undermine these potential benefits if used overtly.
人工智能（AI）已经广泛应用于日常交流中，但尽管人们对 AI 对社会的负面影响感到担忧，但使用它进行交流的社会后果在很大程度上仍未得到探索。我们研究了人工智能应用最广泛的应用之一——算法回复建议（“智能回复”）的社会后果，这些建议每天用于发送数十亿条消息。两项随机实验提供的证据表明，这类算法推荐系统以亲社会和反社会的方式改变了人们相互交流和感知的方式。我们发现，使用算法回复改变了语言和社交关系。更具体地说，它提高了沟通速度，使用了积极的情感语言，并且对话伙伴将彼此评价为更亲近和更合作。然而，与人们对 AI 的不利影响的普遍假设一致，如果人们被怀疑使用算法回复，他们会受到更负面的评价。因此，即使 AI 可以提高沟通速度并改善人际关系，但如果公开使用，AI 普遍存在的反社交内涵会削弱这些潜在好处。
