Albassatneh M C, Dubuisson J-Y, Escudero M, Fady B, Ponger L, Muller S
Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.
Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences iEES, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2023 Jun;25(4):631-645. doi: 10.1111/plb.13525. Epub 2023 Apr 26.
The tree flora of the Mediterranean Basin contains an outstanding taxonomic richness and a high proportion of endemic taxa. Contrary to other regions of the Mediterranean biome, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the relationship between phylogenetic diversity, trait diversity and environmental factors in a spatial ecological context is lacking. We inferred the first calibrated phylogeny of 203 native tree species occurring in the European Mediterranean Basin based on 12 DNA regions. Using a set of four functional traits, we computed phylogenetic diversity for all 10,042 grid cells of 10 × 10 km spatial resolution to completely cover Mediterranean Europe. Then, we tested the spatial influence of environmental factors on tree diversity. Our results suggest that the nature of the relationship between traits and phylogeny varies among the different studied traits and according to the evolutionary distance considered. Phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of European Mediterranean trees correlated strongly with species richness. High values of these diversity indices were located in the north of the study area, at high altitude, and minimum temperature of the coldest month. In contrast, the two phylogenetic indices that were not correlated with species richness (Mean Phylogenetic Distance, Phylogenetic Species Variability) were located in the south of the study area and were positively correlated with high altitude, soil organic carbon stock and sand soil texture. Our study provides support for the use of phylogenies in conservation biology to assess ecosystem functioning, and provides insights for the implementation of sustainable forest ecosystem management.
地中海盆地的树木植物区系具有显著的分类学丰富度和高比例的特有分类群。与地中海生物群落的其他地区不同，缺乏在空间生态背景下对系统发育多样性、性状多样性和环境因素之间关系的全面系统发育分析。我们基于12个DNA区域推断了欧洲地中海盆地203种本土树种的首个校准系统发育树。利用一组四个功能性状，我们计算了10×10公里空间分辨率的所有10042个网格单元的系统发育多样性，以完全覆盖欧洲地中海地区。然后，我们测试了环境因素对树木多样性的空间影响。我们的结果表明，性状与系统发育之间关系的性质在不同研究性状之间以及根据所考虑的进化距离而有所不同。欧洲地中海树木的系统发育多样性和功能多样性与物种丰富度密切相关。这些多样性指数的高值位于研究区域的北部、高海拔地区以及最冷月的最低温度处。相反，与物种丰富度不相关的两个系统发育指数（平均系统发育距离、系统发育物种变异性）位于研究区域的南部，并且与高海拔、土壤有机碳储量和砂土质地呈正相关。我们的研究为在保护生物学中使用系统发育树来评估生态系统功能提供了支持，并为实施可持续森林生态系统管理提供了见解。
