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环境与空间因素对黄山生物多样性的影响

Effect of Environmental and Spatial Factors on Multi-Diversity in Mt. Huangshan.

作者信息

Lv Ting, Zhao Rong, Wang Ningjie, Xie Lei, Chen Shuifei, Ding Hui, Fang Yanming

机构信息

Ankang University Ankang China.

College of Life Sciences Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China.

出版信息

Ecol Evol. 2025 Aug 13;15(8):e71841. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71841. eCollection 2025 Aug.

DOI:10.1002/ece3.71841
PMID:40809822
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12349972/
Abstract

The plant species in Huangshan Mountain (Mt. Huangshan) are abundant. Nevertheless, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between biodiversity and environmental factors is lacking. This study aimed to analyze how multiple factors affect biodiversity and explain the mechanisms underlying community assembly processes and species maintenance. Thus, we compared the different biodiversities among Evergreen Broadleaf Forest (EBF), Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (DBF), and Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest (MNBF) in a total of 75 plots in each community using a non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Then, we employed Mantel tests to quantify the influence of ecological conditions, including spatial predictors, topographical variables, soil composition, and climate factors, on the three forest communities. Our findings revealed the following: (1) The species diversity and phylogenetic diversity within the EBF and MNBF were found to be higher than that in the DBF. The functional richness (FRic) in the MNBF was higher compared to the other two communities, whereas the functional evenness (FEiv), functional divergence (FDiv), and functional dispersion (FDis) in the DBF were the highest. (2) The species diversity of different canopy plants was positively correlated with phylogenetic diversity and functional richness, yet negatively correlated with FEve, FDis, and FDiv. Phylogenetic diversity exhibited a negative correlation with functional diversity for both total and shrub layers, whereas it showed a positive correlation with functional diversity for the tree layer. The type of forest canopy exhibited the strongest correlation with functional diversity. (3) In the redundancy analysis, environmental factors had a stronger influence on biodiversity than spatial distance, indicating that deterministic processes had a greater impact than random processes. The findings underscore the importance of key factors that are often overlooked in the work of protecting Mt. Huangshan, such as elevation, aspect, total phosphorus (TP), and precipitation of the driest month (Bio.14) etc. This provides theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration of forest vegetation in Mt. Huangshan.

摘要

黄山的植物物种丰富。然而，目前缺乏对生物多样性与环境因素之间关系的全面分析。本研究旨在分析多种因素如何影响生物多样性，并解释群落组装过程和物种维持的潜在机制。因此，我们使用非参数威尔科克森秩和检验，比较了每个群落中75个样地的常绿阔叶林（EBF）、落叶阔叶林（DBF）和针阔混交林（MNBF）之间不同的生物多样性。然后，我们采用Mantel检验来量化生态条件，包括空间预测因子、地形变量、土壤成分和气候因素，对这三个森林群落的影响。我们的研究结果表明：（1）发现EBF和MNBF内的物种多样性和系统发育多样性高于DBF。MNBF的功能丰富度（FRic）高于其他两个群落，而DBF的功能均匀度（FEiv）、功能离散度（FDiv）和功能发散度（FDis）最高。（2）不同冠层植物的物种多样性与系统发育多样性和功能丰富度呈正相关，但与FEve、FDis和FDiv呈负相关。系统发育多样性在总层和灌木层与功能多样性呈负相关，而在乔木层与功能多样性呈正相关。森林冠层类型与功能多样性的相关性最强。（3）在冗余分析中，环境因素对生物多样性的影响比空间距离更强，表明确定性过程比随机过程的影响更大。研究结果强调了在黄山保护工作中经常被忽视的关键因素的重要性，如海拔、坡向、总磷（TP）和最干旱月份的降水量（Bio.14）等。这为黄山森林植被的生态恢复提供了理论指导。

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