Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2023 Apr 4;28(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s11658-023-00442-z.
Bladder cancer (BC) is a clinical challenge worldwide with late clinical presentation, poor prognosis, and low survival rates. Traditional cystoscopy and tissue biopsy are routine methods for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of BC. However, due to the heterogeneity and limitations of tumors, such as aggressiveness, high cost, and limited applicability of longitudinal surveillance, the identification of tumor markers has attracted significant attention in BC. Over the past decade, liquid biopsies (e.g., blood) have proven to be highly efficient methods for the discovery of BC biomarkers. This noninvasive sampling method is used to analyze unique tumor components released into the peripheral circulation and allows serial sampling and longitudinal monitoring of tumor progression. Several liquid biopsy biomarkers are being extensively studied and have shown promising results in clinical applications of BC, including early detection, detection of microscopic residual disease, prediction of recurrence, and response to therapy. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide an update on various novel blood-based liquid biopsy markers and review the advantages and current limitations of liquid biopsy in BC therapy. The role of blood-based circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, cell-free RNA, exosomes, metabolomics, and proteomics in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring, and their applicability to the personalized management of BC, are highlighted.
膀胱癌（BC）是一个全球性的临床挑战，其临床表现较晚，预后较差，生存率较低。传统的膀胱镜检查和组织活检是诊断、预后和监测 BC 的常规方法。然而，由于肿瘤的异质性和局限性，如侵袭性、高成本以及纵向监测的适用性有限，肿瘤标志物的鉴定引起了 BC 研究人员的广泛关注。在过去的十年中，液体活检（如血液）已被证明是发现 BC 生物标志物的高效方法。这种非侵入性采样方法用于分析释放到外周循环中的独特肿瘤成分，并允许对肿瘤进展进行连续采样和纵向监测。几种液体活检生物标志物正在广泛研究，并在 BC 的临床应用中显示出有前途的结果，包括早期检测、检测微小残留疾病、预测复发和对治疗的反应。因此，在本综述中，我们旨在提供各种新型血液液体活检标志物的最新信息，并回顾液体活检在 BC 治疗中的优势和当前局限性。重点介绍了血液循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤 DNA、游离 RNA、外泌体、代谢组学和蛋白质组学在诊断、预后和治疗监测中的作用，及其在 BC 个性化管理中的适用性。
