Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Apr 5;195(5):541. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11182-0.
Kestanbol is one of the most important geothermal fields in NW Turkey. This study conducted the first-ever surveys over a 10 ha reach of the Kestanbol geothermal field using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with visible (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) cameras. Low-altitude flights below 40 m above the ground were operated above the Kestanbol geothermal field. Approximately 3500 RGB and TIR images were captured using the UAV. We recorded high-resolution RGB and TIR data of the Kestanbol geothermal field and applied the structure from motion (SfM) algorithm to identify the distribution of geothermal springs and seeps. The Kestanbol geothermal field was monitored to create a georeferenced RGB orthophoto, RGB 3D surface model, thermal anomaly map, and digital surface model (DSM) of the area with centimeter-level accuracy. In the TIR orthophoto, the surface temperature in the geothermal field was found to be between 15 and 75 °C. All the thermal anomalies revealed by the survey were verified by field observations. The geothermal springs and seeps were parallel to the NE-SW regional tectonic trends. The results of this study demonstrate an effective technique for monitoring and assessing geothermal water using UAV-based RGB and TIR imaging and provide an accurate basis for geothermal development projects. RGB and TIR imaging using UAVs are considered promising methods for improving the assessment of the effects of geothermal water on the environment.
凯斯坦博尔是土耳其西北部最重要的地热田之一。本研究首次使用配备可见光（RGB）和热红外（TIR）摄像机的无人机（UAV）对凯斯坦博尔地热田 10 公顷范围内进行了调查。在凯斯坦博尔地热田上方进行了低于地面 40 米的低空飞行。使用无人机共捕获了大约 3500 张 RGB 和 TIR 图像。我们记录了凯斯坦博尔地热田的高分辨率 RGB 和 TIR 数据，并应用运动结构（SfM）算法来识别地热泉和渗漏的分布。对凯斯坦博尔地热田进行监测，以创建具有厘米级精度的该地区的地理参考 RGB 正射影像图、RGB 三维表面模型、热异常图和数字表面模型（DSM）。在 TIR 正射影像图中，发现地热田的表面温度在 15 到 75°C 之间。通过调查发现的所有热异常都通过实地观察得到了验证。地热泉和渗漏与 NE-SW 区域构造趋势平行。本研究结果表明，使用基于无人机的 RGB 和 TIR 成像监测和评估地热水是一种有效的技术，为地热开发项目提供了准确的基础。使用无人机的 RGB 和 TIR 成像被认为是提高对地热水对环境影响评估的有前途的方法。
