Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Sci Adv. 2023 Apr 5;9(14):eadd8553. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.add8553.
As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.
随着地球气候在地质时期发生强烈变化，研究过去气候变化对生物多样性的影响有助于了解未来气候变化带来的风险。然而，目前尚不清楚古气候如何塑造生物多样性的空间变化。在这里，我们评估了第四纪气候变化对全球被子植物树木在 200 公里邻域细胞之间的分类学、系统发育和功能组成的空间差异（β多样性）的影响。我们发现，较大的冰期-间冰期温度变化与较低的空间周转率（物种更替）和较高的嵌套性（丰富度变化）成分强烈相关，这在所有三个生物多样性方面都是如此。此外，在经历大温度变化的地区，系统发育和功能周转率低于随机预期，嵌套度高于随机预期，这反映了在冰期-间冰期振荡过程中物种更替、灭绝和定植的系统发育和功能选择过程。我们的研究结果表明，未来人类驱动的气候变化可能导致全球被子植物树木的分类学、系统发育和功能多样性的局部同质化和减少。
