在新冠疫情扰乱赛季期间，美国职业棒球大联盟（MLB）投手的肘部损伤有所增加，但其他棒球损伤情况并非如此。
Elbow Injuries Among MLB Pitchers Increased During Covid-19 Disrupted Season, But Not Other Baseball Injuries.
作者信息
Martin Chelsea, Palasiewicz Jozef, Grullon Jesse, Shanley Ellen, Thigpen Charles, Kline Daniel, Kluzek Stefan, Collins Gary, Bullock Garrett
机构信息
Gillings School of Global Public Heath, Department of Epidemiology UNC Chapel Hill.
ATI Physical Therapy.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2023 Apr 1;18(2):397-408. doi: 10.26603/001c.71359. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
The 2020 Major League Baseball Season (MLB) demonstrated season disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in training and seasonal time frames may be associated with higher rates of injury.
PURPOSE
To use publicly available data to compare injury rates during the 2015-2019 seasons, COVID-19 shortened season (2020), and the 2021 season stratified by body region and position (pitchers versus position players).
STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective cohort study utilizing publicly available data.
METHODS
MLB players who competed in 1+ seasons between 2015-2021 were included and stratified by position (pitcher, position player). Incidence rate (IR), reported by 1000 x Athlete-Game Exposures (AGEs), was calculated for each season, and stratified by position and body region. Poisson regressions were performed for all injuries and stratified by position to determine association between season and injury incidence. Subgroup analyses were performed on the elbow, groin/hip/thigh, shoulder.
RESULTS
Four thousand, two hundred and seventy-four injuries and 796,502 AGEs across 15,152 players were documented. Overall IR was similar across seasons (2015-2019:5.39; 2020:5.85; 2021:5.04 per 1000 AGEs). IR remained high for the groin/hip/thigh for position players (2015-2019:1.7; 2020:2.0; 2021:1.7 per 1000 AGEs). There was no difference in injury rates between 2015-2019 and 2020 seasons [1.1 (0.9-1.2), p=0.310]. The 2020 season demonstrated a significant increase in elbow injuries [2.7 (1.8-4.0), p<0.001]; when stratified by position, this increase remained significant for pitchers [pitchers: 3.5 (2.1-5.9), p<0.001; position players: 1.8 (0.9-3.6), p=0.073]. No other differences were observed.
CONCLUSION
The groin/hip/thigh demonstrated the highest IR in 2020 among position players across all season time frames, indicating that continued injury mitigation for this region is necessary. When stratified by body region, elbow injury rates among pitchers demonstrated 3.5 times the rate of injury in 2020 compared to previous seasons, impacting injury burden for the most vulnerable body region among pitchers.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III.
背景
2020年美国职业棒球大联盟赛季（MLB）因新冠疫情出现赛季中断。训练和赛季时间框架的变化可能与更高的受伤率相关。
目的
利用公开数据比较2015 - 2019赛季、新冠疫情缩短赛季（2020年）以及2021赛季按身体部位和位置（投手与内场手）分层的受伤率。
研究设计
一项利用公开数据的回顾性队列研究。
方法
纳入2015 - 2021年间参加过1个及以上赛季比赛的MLB球员，并按位置（投手、内场手）分层。计算每个赛季每1000次运动员 - 比赛暴露（AGEs）报告的发病率（IR），并按位置和身体部位分层。对所有伤病进行泊松回归分析，并按位置分层以确定赛季与受伤发生率之间的关联。对肘部、腹股沟/臀部/大腿、肩部进行亚组分析。
结果
记录了15152名球员的4274次伤病和796502次AGEs。各赛季总体IR相似（2015 - 2019年：每1000次AGEs为5.39；2020年：5.85；2021年：5.04）。内场手腹股沟/臀部/大腿的IR仍然很高（2015 - 2019年：每1000次AGEs为1.7；2020年：2.0；2021年：1.7）。2015 - 2019赛季和2020赛季之间的受伤率没有差异[1.1（0.9 - 1.2），p = 0.310]。2020赛季肘部伤病显著增加[2.7（1.8 - 4.0），p < 0.001]；按位置分层时，投手的这一增加仍然显著[投手：3.5（2.1 - 5.9），p < 0.001；内场手：1.8（0.9 - 3.6），p = 0.073]。未观察到其他差异。
结论
腹股沟/臀部/大腿在2020年所有赛季时间框架内的内场手中表现出最高的IR，表明对该区域持续减轻伤病是必要的。按身体部位分层时，2020年投手的肘部受伤率比前几个赛季高出3.5倍，影响了投手中最脆弱身体部位的伤病负担。
证据水平
三级。
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