Li Yusheng, Ai Zhiyong, Mu Yixue, Zhao Tingcheng, Zhang Yicheng, Li Lin, Huang Zheng, Nie Lixiao, Khan Mohammad Nauman
Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Mar 21;14:1120755. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120755. eCollection 2023.
In recent years, the development and utilization of saline land for rice cultivation have effectively expanded grain productivity. Rice is a salt-sensitive crop, and the increasing salinity problem threatens rice yield and quality. Therefore, we conducted open field experiments to study the effect of salinity on different growth stages of rice. Irrigating saline treatment was conducted at three different growth stages: irrigating saline from the regreening stage to the panicle initiation stage (S1), irrigating saline from the panicle initiation stage to the flowering stage (S2), and irrigating saline from the flowering stage to the maturity stage (S3). Each treatment period lasted for about 30 days. At the same time, irrigating saline water from the regreening stage to the maturity stage (S4) treatment was added in 2022 to explore the performance of salt stress during the whole growth period of rice. Based on the treatment of these different saline irrigation growth periods, three saline concentrations were incorporated, including salinity 0‰ (T1), 3‰ (T2), and 6‰ (T3) concentrations. No irrigating saline during the whole growth period was also used as a control (CK). The results indicated that rice grain yield and quality were most sensitive to saline treatment during S1 among the three stress periods. At the S1 stage, salinity mainly reduced the nitrogen uptake, resulting in stunted plant growth, reducing tillering, yield, and yield components, and deteriorating the rice quality. Compared to the control, IE (grain yield over the total amount of N uptake in plants at maturity) was more sensitive at the S1 stage than S2 and S3 stages under salinity. Furthermore, the findings of our study suggest that under salinity, rice growth is not only directly affected by the higher sodium (Na) content in plants, but the higher concentration of Na reduced the ability of plants to uptake nitrogen. Thus, more attention should be paid to the field management of the S1 stage, the most sensitive stage during rice cultivation in salinized areas. It is necessary to avoid salt damage to rice during this period and ensure irrigation with precious freshwater resources.
近年来，盐碱地开发利用于水稻种植有效地提高了粮食产量。水稻是一种对盐敏感的作物，日益严重的盐碱化问题威胁着水稻的产量和品质。因此，我们进行了田间试验，研究盐分对水稻不同生长阶段的影响。在三个不同生长阶段进行了灌溉盐碱处理：从返青期到幼穗分化期灌溉盐碱水（S1），从幼穗分化期到开花期灌溉盐碱水（S2），从开花期到成熟期灌溉盐碱水（S3）。每个处理期持续约30天。同时，在2022年增加了从返青期到成熟期灌溉盐碱水（S4）处理，以探究水稻全生育期的盐胁迫表现。基于这些不同盐碱灌溉生长时期的处理，设置了三个盐碱浓度，包括0‰（T1）、3‰（T2）和6‰（T3）浓度。整个生育期不灌溉盐碱水作为对照（CK）。结果表明，在三个胁迫时期中，水稻产量和品质在S1期间对盐碱处理最为敏感。在S1阶段，盐分主要降低了氮素吸收，导致植株生长受阻，分蘖、产量及产量构成因素降低，水稻品质下降。与对照相比，在盐碱条件下，SRI（成熟期籽粒产量与植株氮素吸收总量之比）在S1阶段比S2和S3阶段更敏感。此外，我们的研究结果表明，在盐碱条件下，水稻生长不仅直接受到植株中较高钠（Na）含量的影响，而且较高的Na浓度降低了植株吸收氮的能力。因此，应更加重视S1阶段的田间管理，这是盐碱化地区水稻种植中最敏感的阶段。在此期间有必要避免水稻遭受盐害，并确保用宝贵的淡水资源进行灌溉。
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