Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Vet Med Sci. 2023 May;9(3):1269-1280. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1121. Epub 2023 Apr 8.
Under commercial conditions, chickens are fasted for the first 36 to 72 h post-hatch. Delayed access to feed and water causes delayed development of the intestinal tract and retarded performance.
This study focused on the chick's life as affected by in ovo feeding (IOF) and the animal's interaction with the feeding procedure. The birds in a factorial arrangement (2 × 3) were placed into six treatment groups in a completely randomised design. The treatment groups differed in feed procedure, 6 h [early feeding (EF)] or 36 h [common feeding (CF)] post-hatch, with or without IOF with beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) or calcium gluconate (CG) in a saline solution, and were examined for hatchability and performance parameters until 24 h post-hatch. In addition, physical and histological characteristics of breast, jejunum and serum indices in 14 days post-hatch and performance criteria until 35 days of age were recorded.
On day 17 of the incubation period, eggs were subjected to the IOF procedure. One mL of sterile IOF solution including 0.1% HMB or 0.4% CG dissolved in 5% saline solution was injected into the eggs.
Results showed that IOF groups had lower (p < 0.05) FCR than the control group. The highest mortality rate was noted in the control-CF group. The lowest myofibril density was related to the HMB-CF group. Myofibril periphery, area and diameter for the HMB-CF group were larger (p < 0.05) than those of the other groups.
Results indicated that injection of HMB increased hatchability by almost 15%. The IOF of HMB improved the digestive tract and breast muscle development and improved FCR.
在商业条件下，雏鸡在孵化后 36 至 72 小时内禁食。延迟获得饲料和水会导致肠道发育延迟和性能下降。
本研究侧重于鸡的生活受胎内喂养（IOF）和动物与喂养程序的相互作用的影响。在完全随机设计中，采用析因设计（2×3）将雏鸡分为 6 个处理组。处理组在饲料程序上有所不同，6 小时[早期喂养（EF）]或 36 小时[常规喂养（CF）]后孵化，有无 IOF 用β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸（HMB）或葡萄糖酸钙（CG）在盐溶液中，检查孵化率和性能参数直到孵化后 24 小时。此外，记录孵化后 14 天的胸肌、空肠和血清指数以及 35 天龄的性能标准。
在孵化期的第 17 天，对鸡蛋进行 IOF 处理。将 1 mL 无菌 IOF 溶液注入鸡蛋中，溶液中含有 0.1%的 HMB 或 0.4%的 CG 溶解在 5%的盐溶液中。
结果表明，IOF 组的饲料转化率（FCR）低于对照组（p<0.05）。对照组 CF 组死亡率最高。HMB-CF 组的肌纤维密度最低。HMB-CF 组的肌纤维外周、面积和直径均大于其他组（p<0.05）。
结果表明，注射 HMB 可使孵化率提高近 15%。HMB 的 IOF 改善了消化道和胸肌发育，提高了 FCR。
