Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Wilhelmi-Beck-Straße 27, 88662 Überlingen, Germany.
Trends Microbiol. 2023 Aug;31(8):832-844. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.02.009. Epub 2023 Apr 6.
Benefits of fasting and caloric restriction on host metabolic health are well established, but less is known about the effects on the gut microbiome and how this impacts renewal of the intestinal mucosa. What has been repeatedly shown during fasting, however, is that bacteria utilising host-derived substrates proliferate at the expense of those relying on dietary substrates. Considering the increased recognition of the gut microbiome's role in maintaining host (metabolic) health, disentangling host-microbe interactions and establishing their physiological relevance in the context of fasting and caloric restriction is crucial. Such insights could aid in moving away from associations of gut bacterial signatures with metabolic diseases consistently reported in observational studies to potentially establishing causality. Therefore, this review aims to summarise what is currently known or still controversial about the interplay between fasting and caloric restriction, the gut microbiome and intestinal tissue physiology.
禁食和热量限制对宿主代谢健康的益处已得到充分证实，但关于其对肠道微生物组的影响以及这如何影响肠道黏膜更新的了解较少。然而，在禁食期间反复表明的是，利用宿主来源底物的细菌会增殖，而依赖于饮食底物的细菌则会减少。考虑到人们越来越认识到肠道微生物组在维持宿主（代谢）健康方面的作用，因此，阐明宿主-微生物相互作用，并在禁食和热量限制的背景下确定其生理相关性至关重要。这些见解可能有助于摆脱在观察性研究中一致报道的与肠道细菌特征与代谢疾病相关的关联，从而有可能确定因果关系。因此，本综述旨在总结目前关于禁食和热量限制、肠道微生物组和肠道组织生理学之间相互作用的已知或仍有争议的方面。
