Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 23;11:1113255. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1113255. eCollection 2023.
A prior study showed an association between diversity in daily activities (type, frequency, evenness) and frailty in older adults. However, the causality of this relationship is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between activity diversity and frailty through a 2-year longitudinal study conducted among community-dwelling older adults.
We evaluated data from the 2018 and 2020 waves of the Otassha Study. Frailty was assessed using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, with pre-frail and frail participants defined as frail and the other participants categorized into the robust group. We enrolled a total of 207 participants who were not frail at baseline. Activity type, frequency, and evenness scores were calculated using an Activity Diversity Questionnaire. The association between each activity diversity score and the incidence of frailty was evaluated using logistic regression modeling (each diversity score was entered the model after Z-transformation).
Of the 207 enrolled participants (median age, 73 years; age range, 65-91 years; 60.4% women), 64 (30.9%) had incident frailty during the follow-up period. A logistic regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic and psychosomatic factors revealed odds ratios for activity type and evenness scores of 0.64 and 0.61, respectively ( < 0.05). These factors were significantly associated with the incidence of frailty.
Activity type and evenness (except frequency) within daily activities were predictors of frailty during 2 years of follow-up. Engagement in diverse activities appears to be more effective in preventing frailty than does engagement in a few activities.
先前的研究表明，日常活动（类型、频率、均匀度）的多样性与老年人的虚弱有关。然而，这种关系的因果关系尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在通过对社区居住的老年人进行为期两年的纵向研究，阐明活动多样性与虚弱之间的关系。
我们评估了 Otassha 研究 2018 年和 2020 年的两个波次的数据。使用心血管健康研究标准评估虚弱状况，将虚弱和脆弱的参与者定义为脆弱，其余参与者归类为健壮组。我们共纳入了 207 名基线时没有虚弱的参与者。使用活动多样性问卷计算活动类型、频率和均匀度得分。使用逻辑回归模型（每个多样性得分在 Z 转换后输入模型）评估每个活动多样性得分与虚弱发生率之间的关联。
在 207 名入组参与者（中位数年龄 73 岁；年龄范围 65-91 岁；60.4%为女性）中，有 64 人（30.9%）在随访期间出现虚弱。调整社会人口统计学和身心因素的逻辑回归分析显示，活动类型和均匀度得分的比值分别为 0.64 和 0.61（<0.05）。这些因素与虚弱的发生显著相关。
日常活动中的活动类型和均匀度（频率除外）是 2 年随访期间虚弱的预测因素。参与多样化的活动似乎比参与少数活动更能有效预防虚弱。
