Abu-Ismail Luai, Abuawwad Mohammad T, Taha Mohammad J, Khamees Almu'atasim, Abu Ismail Dima Y, Sanwar Mohammad, Al-Bustanji Yaqeen, Nashwan Abdulqadir, Alameri Omran Hamdan, Alrawashdeh Hamzeh Mohammad, Abu Serhan Hashem, Abu-Ismail Jocob
Department of Ophthalmology, Islamic Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2023 Apr 3;17:1013-1023. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S397022. eCollection 2023.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and multifactorial disease of the ocular surface which causes visual disturbance and feelings of discomfort among patients. The prevalence rate among medical students is an important issue to consider. This study investigates the relationship between caffeine consumption, sleeping habits, use of electronic devices, and DED among a convenient sample of medical students in Jordan.
This cross-sectional online survey enrolled medical students from all six medical schools in Jordan. The questionnaire, which was shared via social media platforms, assessed socio-demographics, caffeine consumption amounts and patterns, sleep quality, and the use of electronic devices and their relation to ocular discomfort, DED, and related symptoms. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was also administered to quantify the symptoms of DED.
A total of 1223 students participated in this study (RR=24.46%); 64% were females, and 43% were in their clinical placement years. Of the participants, 317 (25.92%) had normal eyes, and 906 (74.08%) had symptomatic DED. Of the students, 1206 (98.6%) used electronic devices directly before bed, and only 399 (32.62%) used blue-light-protective glasses. Lower DED risk was linked to male gender (OR=0.535, 95% CI 0.392-0.73, p <0.01), clinical years of medical school (OR=0.564, 95% CI 0.424-0.75, p<0.01). Poor sleep quality corresponded to more incidence of DED, regardless of sleeping for 5-6 hours (OR=3.046, 95% CI 1.299-7.139, p=0.01) or for less than 5 hours (OR=3.942, 95% CI 1.824-8.519, p<0.01). Also, caffeine consumption only marginally affected its incidence, but the results were statistically insignificant.
Female gender, basic science years, and spending more than 6 hours looking at screens were significantly associated with symptomatic DED. Caffeine consumption did not pose any significant risk to the incidence of DED.
干眼症（DED）是一种常见的、多因素的眼表疾病，会导致患者出现视力障碍和不适感。医学生中的患病率是一个需要考虑的重要问题。本研究调查了约旦医学生便利样本中咖啡因摄入量、睡眠习惯、电子设备使用与干眼症之间的关系。
这项横断面在线调查纳入了约旦所有六所医学院的医学生。通过社交媒体平台分享的问卷评估了社会人口统计学、咖啡因摄入量和模式、睡眠质量、电子设备的使用及其与眼部不适、干眼症及相关症状的关系。还采用了眼表疾病指数（OSDI）问卷来量化干眼症的症状。
共有1223名学生参与了本研究（回复率=24.46%）；64%为女性，43%处于临床实习阶段。在参与者中，317人（25.92%）眼睛正常，906人（74.08%）有症状性干眼症。在这些学生中，1206人（98.6%）在睡前直接使用电子设备，只有399人（32.62%）使用防蓝光眼镜。较低的干眼症风险与男性性别（OR=0.535，95%可信区间0.392 - 0.73，p<0.01）、医学院临床阶段（OR=0.564，95%可信区间0.424 - 0.75，p<0.01）有关。无论睡眠时间为5 - 6小时（OR=3.046，95%可信区间1.299 - 7.139，p=0.01）还是少于5小时（OR=3.942，95%可信区间1.824 - 8.519，p<0.01），睡眠质量差都与干眼症的更高发病率相关。此外，咖啡因摄入仅对其发病率有轻微影响，但结果无统计学意义。
女性性别、基础科学阶段以及每天看屏幕超过6小时与有症状性干眼症显著相关。咖啡因摄入对干眼症的发病率没有显著风险。
