A self-developed AIM-InDel panel designed for degraded DNA analysis: Forensic application characterization and genetic landscape investigation in the Han Chinese population.

To assist in forensic DNA investigation, we developed a new panel capable of simultaneously amplifying 56 ancestry-informative InDels, three Y-InDels and the Amelogenin locus in one PCR reaction. The fragment lengths of the InDel amplicons in this panel were restricted to <200 bp to benefit degraded DNA analysis. In this study, we explored the efficiency of this new panel for forensic applications in the Han Chinese population, and further shed light on the genetic structures of Han populations. We showed that the new panel could be served as an efficient tool for ancestry inference of intercontinental populations. Especially, the Han individuals in different regions could be 100% correctly predicted to be of East Asian origin with this new panel. The Han populations in different regions shared similar ancestry components in their genetic structures. Besides, we also revealed that the new panle could be useful for individual identification in different Han Chinese populations. In conclusion, we have provided the necessary evidence that the self-constructed new panel could play an important role in forensic DNA investigation.