Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2023 May;1878(3):188895. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188895. Epub 2023 Apr 8.
Cancer therapy continues to be a huge challenge as most chemotherapeutic agents exert serious adverse effects on healthy organs. Chemotherapeutic agents lack selective targeting and even the existing target specific therapies are failing due to poor distribution into the tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology offers multiple advantages to address the limitations encountered by conventional therapy. However, the delivery of nanotherapeutics to tumor tissue has not improved over the years partly due to the poor and inadequate distribution of nanotherapeutics into deeper tumor regions resulting in resistance and relapse. To curb the penetration concerns, iRGD was explored and found to be highly effective in improving the delivery of cancer nanomedicine. The preclinical observations are highly encouraging; however, the clinical translation is at a nascent stage. Based on this, we have made an elaborative effort to give a detailed account of various promising applications of iRGD to increase anticancer and tumor imaging potential. Importantly, we have comprehensively discussed the shortcomings and uncertainties associated with the clinical translation of iRGD-based therapeutic approaches and future directions.
癌症治疗仍然是一个巨大的挑战，因为大多数化疗药物对健康器官会产生严重的不良反应。化疗药物缺乏选择性靶向性，即使是现有的针对特定靶点的治疗方法，也因为在肿瘤微环境中的分布不良而失败。纳米技术为解决传统治疗方法遇到的局限性提供了多种优势。然而，纳米治疗剂向肿瘤组织的输送多年来并没有得到改善，部分原因是纳米治疗剂在较深肿瘤区域的分布不良和不足，导致耐药性和复发。为了抑制渗透问题，研究人员探索了 iRGD，并发现其在提高癌症纳米药物的输送方面非常有效。临床前观察结果非常令人鼓舞；然而，临床转化仍处于起步阶段。基于此，我们详细阐述了 iRGD 增加抗癌和肿瘤成像潜力的各种有前途的应用。重要的是，我们全面讨论了基于 iRGD 的治疗方法的临床转化相关的缺点和不确定性，以及未来的方向。
