Kawaguchi Norihiko, Terada Kiyohito
National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders.
Brain Nerve. 2023 Apr;75(4):291-296. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416202327.
Epilepsy is defined as a chronic disorder that presents with recurrent episodes of unprovoked seizures. Epileptic seizures are caused by excessive excitation of cortical neurons. The condition has various etiologies and comorbidities. Here, we introduce the definition of epilepsy and classify it based on the newly proposed ILAE (International League Against Epilepsy) classification. In addition, we explain the process of diagnosing epilepsy and delineating the epileptic focus by presenting a case description. Transient functional alterations occur in an epileptic focus only during seizures. Thus, epileptologists are required to record a detailed history and examine its semiology to determine the epileptic focus based on knowledge in neuroscience and epileptology.
癫痫被定义为一种慢性疾病，其特征为反复出现无诱因的癫痫发作。癫痫发作是由皮质神经元的过度兴奋引起的。该疾病有多种病因和合并症。在此，我们介绍癫痫的定义，并根据国际抗癫痫联盟（ILAE）新提出的分类方法对其进行分类。此外，我们通过病例描述来解释癫痫的诊断过程以及确定癫痫病灶的过程。短暂的功能改变仅在癫痫发作时出现在癫痫病灶中。因此，癫痫学家需要记录详细的病史并检查其发作症状学，以便根据神经科学和癫痫学知识来确定癫痫病灶。
