Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Apr 11;195(5):552. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11129-5.
Assessment of the mobility and contamination of trace metals in the roadside soil is important to explore the environmental quality and potential risks to the public health. The contents of selected metals (Ca, Mg, Sr, K, Na, Li, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb) in the roadside soil collected from major highways/roadsides of Lahore, Pakistan were quantified employing mBCR sequential extraction. Among the metals, Ca, Sr and Na showed highest contribution in exchangeable fraction, Pb in the reducible fraction and K, Li, Fe, Ag, Ni, Cu and Cr in the residual fraction. However, Mg and Mn exhibited relatively higher contents in exchangeable and residual fractions while Cd, Co and Zn showed relatively higher concentration in all four fractions. Comparatively higher mobility and availability in the soil was shown by Ca followed by Sr, Pb, Na, Cd, Zn, Co, Mn, Cu, Ag and Ni. Principal component analysis demonstrated considerable anthropogenic contributions of the trace metals in the roadside soil. The pollution indices showed that the soil was heavily to extremely polluted by Cd and Ag, followed by significant to very high contamination for Co, Ni and Pb. The modified degree of contamination (4.60 and 3.99 in summer and winter, respectively) revealed an overall high degree of contamination. The health risk assessment revealed that the calculated risks were within the safe limit thereby indicating insignificant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic heath risk to the populace.
评估道路边土壤中痕量金属的迁移性和污染程度对于探究环境质量和对公众健康的潜在风险非常重要。本研究采用 mBCR 连续提取法，对巴基斯坦拉合尔主要高速公路/路边采集的道路边土壤中选定金属（Ca、Mg、Sr、K、Na、Li、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Ag、Co、Ni、Cr、Cd 和 Pb）的含量进行了定量分析。在所研究的金属中，Ca、Sr 和 Na 主要以可交换态形式存在，Pb 主要以可还原态形式存在，K、Li、Fe、Ag、Ni、Cu 和 Cr 主要以残渣态形式存在。然而，Mg 和 Mn 则在可交换态和残渣态中具有相对较高的含量，而 Cd、Co 和 Zn 则在所有四个形态中都具有相对较高的浓度。Ca 的迁移性和生物有效性最高，其次是 Sr、Pb、Na、Cd、Zn、Co、Mn、Cu、Ag 和 Ni。主成分分析表明，道路边土壤中的痕量金属受到了显著的人为影响。污染指数表明，Cd 和 Ag 污染严重，其次是 Co、Ni 和 Pb 污染明显。污染程度修正系数（夏季和冬季分别为 4.60 和 3.99）表明，土壤整体受到高度污染。健康风险评估表明，计算出的风险处于安全范围内，这表明人群不存在显著的非致癌和致癌健康风险。
