Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Org Biomol Chem. 2023 Apr 26;21(16):3296-3306. doi: 10.1039/d3ob00309d.
The synthesis of β-lactam derivatives is a research topic of great interest due to the biological activity of these molecules. Indeed, there are several antibiotics which include a β-lactam core in their structures, such as penicilins, monobactams, carbacephems and cephamycins. The development of stereoselective approaches to access these molecular architectures turns out to be necessary in order to take advantage of the distinct properties provided by the different stereoisomers. This review covers recent advances towards the stereoselective synthesis of β-lactams, including Staudinger syntheses, cascade reactions, metal-catalyzed syntheses and base-promoted cyclizations. Within these methods, some particularly novel synthetic approaches are highlighted, such as the induction of chirality through bimetallic synergistic catalysis or the transfer of chirality between components in mechanically interlocked molecules. Additionally, a critical opinion on the state of the art of this research field is offered, remarking key points on which the future research should be focused on.
β-内酰胺衍生物的合成本身就是一个非常有趣的研究课题，因为这些分子具有生物活性。事实上，有几种抗生素的结构中都包含β-内酰胺核心，如青霉素、单环β-内酰胺类、碳青霉烯类和头孢菌素类。为了充分利用不同立体异构体所提供的独特性质，开发对映选择性方法来获得这些分子结构就显得非常必要。本文综述了β-内酰胺的立体选择性合成的最新进展，包括 Staudinger 合成、级联反应、金属催化合成和碱促进的环化反应。在这些方法中，突出了一些特别新颖的合成方法，例如通过双金属协同催化诱导手性或在机械互锁分子中在组件之间转移手性。此外，还对该研究领域的最新进展提出了批判性的意见，指出了未来研究应该集中的关键点。
