Gu Chao, Xu Tao, Ma Chao, Guo Li-Yao, Li Xin-Qi, Yang Wen
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Ecological Environment Monitoring Centre of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Apr 8;44(4):1899-1910. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202202026.
To explore the characteristics and sources of PM in the core area of Ili River Valley in spring, a total of 140 PM samples were collected at six sampling sites during April 20-29, 2021, and 51 chemical components including inorganic elements, water-soluble ions, and carbon components were analyzed. The results showed that (PM) was at a low level during sampling, ranging from 9 μg·m to 35 μg·m. Si, Ca, Al, Na, Mg, Fe, and K were the most abundant elements, accounting for 12% of PM, indicating that PM was affected by the dust sources in spring. The spatial distribution characteristics of elements depended on the surrounding environments of the sampling sites. The new government area was affected by coal-fired sources, so the value of As concentration was high. Yining Municipal Bureau and the Second Water Plant were greatly affected by motor vehicle sources, so the values of Sb and Sn concentration were higher. The enrichment factor results showed that Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, and As were mainly emitted from fossil fuel combustion and motor vehicles. The concentration of water-soluble ions accounted for 33.2% of PM. Among them, (SO), (NO), (Ca), and (NH) were (2.48±0.57), (1.22±0.75), (1.18±0.49), and (0.98±0.45) μg·m, respectively. The higher Ca concentration also reflected the contribution of dust sources. The ratio of (NO)/(SO) was between 0.63 and 0.85, which indicated that the influence of stationary sources was more important than that of mobile sources. Both Yining Municipal Bureau and the Second Water Plant were affected by motor vehicle exhaust; therefore, their (NO)/(SO) ratios were high. Yining County was in a residential area, and therefore its (NO)/(SO) ratio was lower. The average (OC) and (EC) in PM were 5.12 μg·m(4.67-6.25 μg·m) and 0.75 μg·m(0.51-0.97 μg·m), respectively. Yining Municipal Bureau was significantly affected by motor vehicle exhaust from both sides, so the values of OC and EC concentration were slightly higher than those in other sampling sites. The SOC concentration was calculated by the minimum ratio method, and the results showed that the values of SOC concentration in the New Government Area, the Second Water Plant, and Yining Ecological Environment Bureau were higher than those in other sampling sites. The results of the CMB model showed that PM in this area mainly came from the contribution of secondary particulate matter and dust sources, which accounted for 33.3% and 17.5%, respectively. Secondary organic carbon (16.2%) was the main contribution source of secondary particulate matter.
为探究伊犁河谷核心区春季颗粒物（PM）的特征及来源，于2021年4月20日至29日在6个采样点共采集了140个PM样本，并分析了包括无机元素、水溶性离子和碳组分在内的51种化学成分。结果表明，采样期间PM处于较低水平，范围为9μg·m至35μg·m。硅、钙、铝、钠、镁、铁和钾是含量最丰富的元素，占PM的12%，表明春季PM受沙尘源影响。元素的空间分布特征取决于采样点周边环境。新政府区受燃煤源影响，因此砷浓度值较高。伊宁市局和第二水厂受机动车源影响较大，因此锑和锡的浓度值较高。富集因子结果表明，锌、镍、铬、铅、铜和砷主要来自化石燃料燃烧和机动车排放。水溶性离子浓度占PM的33.2%。其中，硫酸根（SO）、硝酸根（NO）、钙离子（Ca）和铵根（NH）的浓度分别为（2.48±0.57）、（1.22±0.75）、（1.18±0.49）和（0.98±0.45）μg·m。较高的钙浓度也反映了沙尘源的贡献。硝酸根与硫酸根的比值在0.63至0.85之间，表明固定源的影响比移动源更重要。伊宁市局和第二水厂均受机动车尾气影响，因此它们的硝酸根与硫酸根比值较高。伊宁县位于居民区，因此其硝酸根与硫酸根比值较低。PM中有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）的平均值分别为5.12μg·m（4.67 - 6.25μg·m）和0.75μg·m（0.51 - 0.97μg·m）。伊宁市局受两侧机动车尾气影响显著，因此OC和EC浓度值略高于其他采样点。采用最小比值法计算了有机碳源（SOC）浓度，结果表明新政府区、第二水厂和伊宁生态环境局的SOC浓度值高于其他采样点。化学质量平衡（CMB）模型结果表明，该区域的PM主要来自二次颗粒物和沙尘源的贡献，分别占33.3%和17.5%。二次有机碳（16.2%）是二次颗粒物的主要贡献源。
