Hu Fang-Yu, An Jing, Wang Bao-Yu, Xu Ming-Kai, Zhang Hui-Wen, Wei Shu-He
Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Apr 8;44(4):2384-2394. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202205323.
Asthe most-used pesticides in the agricultural production process, herbicides are mainly applied to protect crops from weeds. However, with the increased global demand for food, the dosage of herbicides is rising annually, and the efficacy of herbicides is getting stronger, which can cause some environmental issues including the accumulation, migration and transformation, and toxic effects of herbicides in agricultural soils. According to the characteristics of herbicide contamination and regional agricultural production, developing green and low-carbon technologies to reduce the ecological risks of herbicides to the soil-crop systems is a current concern in the ecological environment field. In this paper, relevant studies in recent years on herbicide pollution management in agricultural soils were identified and reviewed, the research progress and application cases of remediation technologies for herbicide pollution was analyzed and demonstrated, and future research and development tendency regarding the remediation of herbicides pollution was also prospected. Current remediation technologies for herbicides mainly include bioremediation technologies (e.g., microbial remediation, enzyme remediation, and phytoremediation), adsorption, and immobilization technologies (e.g., biochar-based materials). The bioremediation technologieswere rather mature and had been applied to the herbicide-contaminated soil in fields. Additionally, many successful bioremediation cases have been reported. Moreover, in order to enhance the remediation effect on herbicide pollution in agriculture soils, remediation technologies have been gradually developed from a single model to a coupled model with physical,chemical, and biological technology, which can maximize the synergy of the multi-technology application.
作为农业生产过程中使用最广泛的农药，除草剂主要用于保护作物免受杂草侵害。然而，随着全球粮食需求的增加，除草剂的用量逐年上升，其药效也越来越强，这可能导致一些环境问题，包括除草剂在农业土壤中的积累、迁移和转化以及毒性效应。根据除草剂污染特征和区域农业生产情况，开发绿色低碳技术以降低除草剂对土壤-作物系统的生态风险是当前生态环境领域关注的问题。本文对近年来农业土壤中除草剂污染治理的相关研究进行了梳理和综述，分析论证了除草剂污染修复技术的研究进展和应用案例，并对除草剂污染修复的未来研发趋势进行了展望。目前除草剂的修复技术主要包括生物修复技术（如微生物修复、酶修复和植物修复）、吸附和固定化技术（如生物炭基材料）。生物修复技术较为成熟，已应用于田间受除草剂污染的土壤。此外，还报道了许多成功的生物修复案例。而且，为了增强对农业土壤中除草剂污染的修复效果，修复技术已逐渐从单一模式发展为物理、化学和生物技术相结合的耦合模式，以最大程度地发挥多技术应用的协同作用。
