Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Monte, Carmelo, MG, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2023 Sep;334:138943. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138943. Epub 2023 May 16.
Pesticide dependence is one of the main disadvantages of agriculture. Despite the advances in biological control and integrated management of plant pests and diseases in recent years, herbicides are still essential for weed control and constitute the main class of pesticides worldwide. Herbicide residues in water, soil, air, and non-target organisms are among the biggest agricultural and environmental sustainability obstacles. Therefore, we suggest an environmentally viable alternative to reduce the harmful effects of herbicide residues, a technology called phytoremediation. Remediating plants were grouped into herbaceous, arboreal, and aquatic macrophytes. Phytoremediation can reduce the loss of at least 50% of all herbicide residues to the environment. Among the herbaceous species reported as phytoremediators of herbicides, the Fabaceae family was mentioned in more than 50% of reports. This family is also among the main species of trees reported. Regarding the most reported groups of herbicides, it is observed that most of them, regardless of the group of plants, are triazines. Processes such as extraction or accumulation are the best known and reported for most herbicides. The phytoremediation may be effective against chronic or unknown herbicide toxicity. This tool can be included in proposals for management plans and specific legislation in countries, guaranteeing public policies to maintain environmental quality.
农药依赖是农业的主要缺点之一。尽管近年来在生物防治和植物病虫害综合管理方面取得了进展，但除草剂仍然是杂草控制的必要手段，并且构成了全球范围内主要的农药类别。水、土壤、空气和非目标生物中的除草剂残留是农业和环境可持续性面临的最大障碍之一。因此，我们建议采用一种环境上可行的替代方法来减少除草剂残留的有害影响，这项技术称为植物修复。修复植物被分为草本植物、木本植物和水生大型植物。植物修复可以减少至少 50%的所有除草剂残留向环境中的损失。在所报告的作为除草剂植物修复剂的草本植物中，豆科植物在超过 50%的报告中被提及。该科也是报告的主要树木种类之一。关于报告最多的除草剂群体，观察到大多数除草剂，无论植物群体如何，都是三嗪类。对于大多数除草剂，最常见和报告的是提取或积累等过程。植物修复对于慢性或未知的除草剂毒性可能是有效的。该工具可以被纳入各国的管理计划和具体法规提案中，以保证维护环境质量的公共政策。
