eHealth Center, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
Faculty of Human Sciences, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins (UBO), Santiago, Chile.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Apr 11;23(1):677. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15489-y.
Unsafe sex is one of the main morbidity and mortality risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young people. Behavioral change interventions for promoting safe sex have lacked specificity and theoretical elements about behavior in their designs, which may have affected the outcomes for HIV/AIDS and STI prevention, as well as for safe sex promotion. This study offers an analysis of the barriers and facilitators that, according to the university students who participated in the focus groups, impede or promote the success of interventions promoting healthy sexuality from the perspective of the actions stakeholders should undertake. In turn, this study proposes intervention hypotheses based on the Behavior Change Wheel which appears as a useful strategy for the design of intervention campaigns.
Two focus groups were organized with students from Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). The focus groups gathered information about the perceptions of students about sex education and health, risk behaviors in youth sexuality, and rating of HIV/AIDS and STI prevention campaigns. In the focus groups, participants were offered the possibility of presenting solutions for the main problems and limitations detected. After identifying the emerging categories related to each dimension, a COM-B analysis was performed, identifying both the barriers and facilitators of safe sex behaviors that may help orient future interventions.
Two focus groups were organized, which comprised 20 participants with different sexual orientations. After transcription of the dialogues, a qualitative analysis was performed based on three axes: perception about sex education, risk behaviors, and evaluation of HIV/AIDS and STI prevention campaigns. These axes were classified into two groups: barriers or facilitators for safe and healthy sexuality. Finally, based on the Behavior Change Wheel and specifically on its 'intervention functions', the barriers and facilitators were integrated into a series of actions to be taken by those responsible for promotion campaigns at Universidad de Santiago. The most prevalent intervention functions are: education (to increase the understanding and self-regulation of the behavior); persuasion (to influence emotional aspects to promote changes) and training (to facilitate the acquisition of skills). These functions indicate that specific actions are necessary for these dimensions to increase the success of promotional campaigns for healthy and safe sexuality.
The content analysis of the focus groups was based on the intervention functions of the Behavior Change Wheel. Specifically, the identification by students of barriers and facilitators for the design of strategies for promoting healthy sexuality is a useful tool, which when complemented with other analyses, may contribute improving the design and implementation of healthy sexuality campaigns among university students.
不安全的性行为是与年轻人中性传播感染（STIs）相关的主要发病率和死亡率风险因素之一。促进安全性行为的行为改变干预措施在设计中缺乏特异性和关于行为的理论要素，这可能影响到艾滋病毒/艾滋病和性传播感染预防以及安全性行为促进的结果。本研究从利益相关者应采取的行动的角度分析了根据参加焦点小组的大学生的意见，阻碍或促进促进健康性行为的干预措施成功的障碍和促进因素。反过来，本研究根据行为改变轮提出了干预假设，该轮似乎是设计干预运动的有用策略。
在智利圣地亚哥大学（USACH）组织了两个焦点小组。焦点小组收集了有关学生对性教育和健康、青年性行为中的风险行为以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病和性传播感染预防运动评估的看法的信息。在焦点小组中，向参与者提供了提出主要问题和限制的解决方案的可能性。在确定与每个维度相关的新兴类别后，进行了 COM-B 分析，确定了可能有助于指导未来干预措施的安全性行为的障碍和促进因素。
组织了两个焦点小组，其中包括 20 名具有不同性取向的参与者。在对话转录后，根据三个轴进行了定性分析：对性教育的看法、风险行为以及对艾滋病毒/艾滋病和性传播感染预防运动的评估。这些轴分为两组：安全性行为和健康性行为的障碍或促进因素。最后，基于行为改变轮，特别是其“干预功能”，将障碍和促进因素整合到圣地亚哥大学推广活动负责人应采取的一系列行动中。最普遍的干预功能是：教育（提高对行为的理解和自我调节）；说服（影响情感方面以促进改变）和培训（促进技能的获得）。这些功能表明，为了提高健康和安全性行为宣传运动的成功率，需要采取具体行动。
焦点小组的内容分析基于行为改变轮的干预功能。具体来说，学生识别促进健康性行为的设计策略的障碍和促进因素是一种有用的工具，当与其他分析相结合时，可能有助于改善大学生健康性行为运动的设计和实施。
