National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan; Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Appetite. 2023 Jul 1;186:106557. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106557. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
The interaction of exercise with appetite control and energy intake has been widely studied due to the ability of exercise-related energy expenditure to influence energy and substrate balance. Many empirical studies have explored appetite and energy intake responses to acute (single) exercise bouts involving a variety of protocols in diverse populations revealing several consistent trends. The balance of evidence suggests that acute moderate-to-vigorous intensity land-based exercise suppresses subjective appetite feelings and the orexigenic hormone acylated ghrelin and elevates the anorexigenic hormones peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1. These perturbations are transient and hormone concentrations usually return to resting values in the hours after exercise without evoking compensatory increases in appetite or energy intake on the same day. This evidence counters the popular assertion that exercise transiently increases appetite and may prompt greater energy intake at subsequent meals. The indifference of the appetite control system to acute exercise-induced energy deficits contrasts with the immediate increases in appetite and energy intake provoked by equivalent diet-induced energy deficits. There is, however, considerable inter-individual variability in subjective appetite and hormonal responses to acute exercise with some individuals experiencing greater exercise-induced appetite suppression than others. Current evidence supports the promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing a short-term energy deficit but the relevance of this for long-term appetite regulation and the control of body mass remains uncertain.
由于与运动相关的能量消耗能够影响能量和底物平衡，因此运动与食欲控制和能量摄入的相互作用已经得到了广泛的研究。许多实证研究探索了不同人群在各种方案下进行急性（单次）运动时的食欲和能量摄入反应，揭示了几个一致的趋势。大多数证据表明，急性中等至剧烈强度的陆地运动可抑制主观食欲感和促食欲激素酰化 ghrelin，并升高抑制食欲的激素肽 YY 和胰高血糖素样肽-1。这些变化是短暂的，并且在运动后几个小时内激素浓度通常会恢复到静息值，而不会在同一天引起食欲或能量摄入的代偿性增加。这一证据反驳了运动短暂增加食欲的流行观点，并可能促使在随后的餐中摄入更多的能量。与饮食引起的能量不足即刻引起的食欲和能量摄入增加相比，食欲控制系统对急性运动引起的能量不足不敏感。然而，个体对急性运动的主观食欲和激素反应存在相当大的个体差异，一些人比其他人经历更大的运动引起的食欲抑制。目前的证据支持将运动作为诱导短期能量不足的策略，但这对长期食欲调节和体重控制的相关性仍不确定。
