Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group, Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio s-21, Barrio El Olivo, Ibarra 100150, Ecuador.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 24;24(7):6127. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076127.
Metabiotics are the structural components of probiotic bacteria, functional metabolites, and/or signaling molecules with numerous beneficial properties. A novel strain, UTNCys6-1, was isolated from wild Amazonian camu-camu fruits (), and various functional metabolites with antibacterial capacity were found. The genome size is 2,226,248 base pairs, and it contains 2248 genes, 2191 protein-coding genes (CDSs), 50 tRNAs, 6 rRNAs, 1 16S rRNA, 1 23S rRNA, and 1 tmRNA. The average GC content is 34.88%. In total, 2148 proteins have been mapped to the EggNOG database. The specific annotation consisted of four incomplete prophage regions, one CRISPR-Cas array, six genomic islands (GIs), four insertion sequences (ISs), and four regions of interest (AOI regions) spanning three classes of bacteriocins (enterolysin_A, nisin_Z, and sactipeptides). Based on pangenome analysis, there were 6932 gene clusters, of which 751 (core genes) were commonly observed within the 11 lactococcal strains. Among them, 3883 were sample-specific genes (cloud genes) and 2298 were shell genes, indicating high genetic diversity. A sucrose transporter of the SemiSWEET family (PTS system: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent transport system) was detected in the genome of UTNCys6-1 but not the other 11 lactococcal strains. In addition, the metabolic profile, antimicrobial susceptibility, and inhibitory activity of both protein-peptide extract (PPE) and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) against several foodborne pathogens were assessed in vitro. Furthermore, UTNCys6-1 was predicted to be a non-human pathogen that was unable to tolerate all tested antibiotics except gentamicin; metabolized several substrates; and lacks virulence factors (VFs), genes related to the production of biogenic amines, and acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Overall, this study highlighted the potential of this strain for producing bioactive metabolites (PPE and EPSs) for agri-food and pharmaceutical industry use.
代谢共生体是益生菌的结构成分、功能代谢物和/或信号分子，具有许多有益的特性。一种新型的 UTNCys6-1 菌株从野生亚马逊百香果果实中分离得到，发现其具有抗菌能力的各种功能代谢物。基因组大小为 2226248 个碱基对，包含 2248 个基因、2191 个蛋白编码基因（CDS）、50 个 tRNA、6 个 rRNA、1 个 16S rRNA、1 个 23S rRNA 和 1 个 tmRNA。平均 GC 含量为 34.88%。总共，2148 种蛋白质已映射到 EggNOG 数据库。具体注释包括四个不完整的噬菌体区、一个 CRISPR-Cas 阵列、六个基因组岛（GIs）、四个插入序列（ISs）和四个横跨三个类别的细菌素（肠球菌素_A、乳链菌肽_Z 和 sactipeptides）的感兴趣区域（AOI 区域）。基于泛基因组分析，有 6932 个基因簇，其中 11 个乳球菌菌株中有 751 个（核心基因）共同观察到。其中，3883 个是样本特异性基因（云基因），2298 个是壳基因，表明遗传多样性高。在 UTNCys6-1 基因组中检测到蔗糖转运蛋白 SemiSWEET 家族（PTS 系统：磷酸烯醇丙酮酸依赖性转运系统），但在其他 11 个乳球菌菌株中未检测到。此外，还评估了 UTNCys6-1 的蛋白肽提取物（PPE）和胞外多糖（EPSs）的代谢谱、抗微生物敏感性和对几种食源性病原体的抑制活性。此外，预测 UTNCys6-1 是非人类病原体，除庆大霉素外，不能耐受所有测试的抗生素；代谢几种底物；并且缺乏毒力因子（VF）、与生物胺产生相关的基因和获得性抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）。总的来说，这项研究强调了该菌株在生产用于农业食品和制药行业的生物活性代谢物（PPE 和 EPSs）方面的潜力。
