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社交网络、新技术与幸福感——影响老年人成功老龄化的因素访谈研究。

Social Networks, New Technologies, and Wellbeing-An Interview Study on Factors Influencing Older Adults' Successful Ageing.

机构信息

Centre of Sociological Research on the Economy and the Internet, The Department of Economic and Digital Sociology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.

出版信息

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 27;20(7):5279. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20075279.

Abstract

Many factors are considered vital in supporting successful ageing and older adults' wellbeing. Whilst evidence exists around facilitating and hindering factors in the general use of various forms of institutional and family support and personal development-oriented education and/or new technologies, evidence is limited with regards to older people's motivations, expectations, and experiences surrounding ageing. Hence, in this study, the author used a qualitative explanatory method to interpret the factors influencing seniors' successful ageing. The author's focus was on how seniors experience ageing. The second issue was how they have been organizing life in old age. The third point concerned their expectations towards ageing now and in the future. Thirteen older adults (60+) were interviewed nationwide using a semi-structured scenario tool. Their objective was to give rich descriptions of their experiences of ageing. The interviews revealed the older adults' own experiences and enabled an understanding of their motivations, perceptions, moderators, and expectations around successful ageing. Based on the analysis of the qualitative data, the author developed three main themes, each with its own sub-themes: 1. Life satisfaction (transitioning to retirement, using coping strategies in adaptation to negative changes, reaching personal goals, leading a meaningful life); 2. Supportive environments (being independent but using temporary assistance from relatives and/or people close to oneself, living with family members (e.g., husband or wife, children, grandchildren), having access to health care system); 3. Social integration (social relations, social engagement, independence in using technological advancements). The main categories that emerged from the three themes were social networks, new technologies, and wellbeing. To analyze these issues, the author used a sociological approach. The theoretic explorations were embedded mainly in two methods: criticism of writing and the analytical and comparative one.

摘要

许多因素被认为对支持成功老龄化和老年人的福祉至关重要。虽然有证据表明各种形式的机构和家庭支持、以个人发展为导向的教育和/或新技术的使用的促进和阻碍因素,但关于老年人对衰老的动机、期望和体验的证据有限。因此,在这项研究中,作者使用定性解释方法来解释影响老年人成功老龄化的因素。作者的重点是老年人如何体验衰老。第二个问题是他们如何在老年时组织生活。第三个问题涉及他们现在和未来对衰老的期望。作者在全国范围内采访了 13 名(60 岁以上)老年人,使用半结构化情景工具。他们的目的是对他们的衰老经验进行丰富的描述。访谈揭示了老年人自己的经验,并使人们能够理解他们对成功老龄化的动机、看法、调节因素和期望。基于对定性数据的分析,作者提出了三个主题,每个主题都有自己的子主题:1. 生活满意度(过渡到退休、使用应对策略适应负面变化、实现个人目标、过有意义的生活);2. 支持性环境(独立但在需要时接受亲戚和/或亲近的人的临时帮助,与家人(如丈夫或妻子、子女、孙子女)一起生活,获得医疗保健系统);3. 社会融合(社会关系、社会参与、独立使用技术进步)。三个主题中出现的主要类别是社会网络、新技术和福祉。为了分析这些问题,作者使用了社会学方法。理论探索主要嵌入在两种方法中:写作批评和分析与比较。

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