Wieczorowski Michal, Pereira Alejandro, Carou Diego, Gapinski Bartosz, Ramírez Ignacio
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo Street 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
Escola de Enxeñaría Industrial, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 23;16(7):2570. doi: 10.3390/ma16072570.
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is renowned for its high deposition rate, enabling the production of large parts. However, the process has challenges such as porosity formation, residual stresses, and cracking when manufacturing aluminum parts. This study focuses on ana-lyzing the porosity of AA5356 walls manufactured using the WAAM process with the Fronius cold metal transfer system (Wels, Austria). The walls were machined to obtain specimens for tensile testing. The study used computed tomography and the tensile test to analyze the specimens' porosity and its potential relation to tensile strength. The process parameters analyzed were travel speed, cooling time, and path strategy. In conclusion, increasing travel speed and cooling time significantly affects pore diameter due to the lower heat input to the weld zone. Porosity can be reduced when diminishing heat accumulation. The results indicate that an increase in travel speed produces a slight decrease in porosity. Specifically, the total pore volume diminishes from 0.42 to 0.36 mm when increasing the travel speed from 700 to 950 mm/min. The ultimate tensile strength and maximum elongation of the 'back and forth' strategy are slightly higher than those of the 'go' strategy. After tensile testing, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength did not show any relation to the porosity measured by computed tomography. The percentage of the pore total volume over the measured volume was lower than 0.12% for all the scanned specimens.
电弧增材制造（WAAM）以其高沉积速率而闻名，能够生产大型零件。然而，在制造铝零件时，该工艺存在诸如气孔形成、残余应力和裂纹等挑战。本研究重点分析了使用弗鲁尼尔冷金属过渡系统（奥地利韦尔斯）的WAAM工艺制造的AA5356壁材的气孔率。对壁材进行加工以获得用于拉伸试验的试样。该研究使用计算机断层扫描和拉伸试验来分析试样的气孔率及其与拉伸强度的潜在关系。分析的工艺参数包括行进速度、冷却时间和路径策略。总之，由于焊接区域的热输入较低，提高行进速度和冷却时间会显著影响气孔直径。当减少热量积累时，可以降低气孔率。结果表明，行进速度的增加会使气孔率略有降低。具体而言，当行进速度从700毫米/分钟提高到950毫米/分钟时，总气孔体积从0.42立方毫米减少到0.36立方毫米。“来回”策略的极限抗拉强度和最大伸长率略高于“单向”策略。拉伸试验后，极限抗拉强度和屈服强度与计算机断层扫描测量的气孔率没有任何关系。所有扫描试样的气孔总体积占测量体积的百分比均低于0.12%。
