USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 23;15(7):1562. doi: 10.3390/nu15071562.
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been identified as an approach to reduce the risk of obesity-related metabolic diseases. We hypothesize that TRF triggers a change in nutrient (e.g., dietary fat) absorption due to shortened feeding times, which subsequently alters the fecal microbiome and lipidome. In this report, three groups of C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet with ad libitum feeding (16% energy from fat) (CTRL-AL), a high-fat diet (48% energy from fat) with ad libitum feeding (HF-AL), or a high-fat diet with time-restricted feeding (HF-TRF) for 12 weeks. No changes in microbiota at the phylum level were detected, but eight taxonomic families were altered by either feeding timing or dietary fat content. The HF-AL diet doubled the total fecal fatty acid content of the CTRL-AL diet, while the HF-TRF doubled the total fecal fatty acid content of the HF-AL diet. Primary fecal bile acids were unaffected by diet. Total short-chain fatty acids were reduced by HF-AL, but this effect was diminished by HF-TRF. Each diet produced distinct relationships between the relative abundance of taxa and fecal lipids. The anti-obesogenic effects of TRF in HF diets are partly due to the increase in fat excretion in the feces. Furthermore, fat content and feeding timing differentially affect the fecal microbiota and the relationship between the microbiota and fecal lipids.
限时喂养（TRF）已被确定为降低肥胖相关代谢性疾病风险的一种方法。我们假设 TRF 由于进食时间缩短而导致营养物质（例如膳食脂肪）吸收发生变化，进而改变粪便微生物组和脂质组。在本报告中，三组 C57BL/6 小鼠分别喂食对照饮食（自由进食，脂肪供能 16%）（CTRL-AL）、高脂肪饮食（自由进食，脂肪供能 48%）（HF-AL）或高脂肪饮食限时喂养（HF-TRF）12 周。在门水平上未检测到微生物群的变化，但有 8 个分类家族被喂养时间或饮食脂肪含量改变。HF-AL 饮食使 CTRL-AL 饮食中的总粪便脂肪酸含量增加了一倍，而 HF-TRF 饮食使 HF-AL 饮食中的总粪便脂肪酸含量增加了一倍。初级粪便胆汁酸不受饮食影响。HF-AL 降低了总短链脂肪酸，但 HF-TRF 降低了这种影响。每种饮食都在粪便脂质的分类群相对丰度和粪便脂质之间产生了不同的关系。TRF 在 HF 饮食中的抗肥胖作用部分归因于粪便中脂肪排泄量的增加。此外，脂肪含量和喂养时间会以不同的方式影响粪便微生物群和微生物群与粪便脂质之间的关系。
