NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
Molecules. 2023 Apr 4;28(7):3220. doi: 10.3390/molecules28073220.
The development of heterocyclic derivatives has progressed considerably over the past decades, and many new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) fall into this field. In particular, five-membered heterocyclic sulfonamides have been generally shown to be more effective inhibitors compared to six-membered rings ones. Despite the importance of oxygen and nitrogen five-membered heterocyclic aromatic rings in medicinal chemistry, the installation of sulfonamide moiety on such heterocycles has not received much attention. On the other hand, 1,3,4-thiadiazole/thiadiazoline ring-bearing sulfonamides are the scaffolds which have been widely used in a variety of pharmaceutically important CAIs such as acetazolamide, metazolamide and their many derivatives obtained by using the tail approach. Here, we reviewed the field focusing on the diverse biological activities of these CAIs, such as antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antitumor and antiinfective properties. This review highlights developments involving five-membered heterocyclic sulfonamides over the last years, with a focus on their pharmacological/clinical applications.
杂环衍生物的发展在过去几十年中取得了相当大的进展，许多新的碳酸酐酶抑制剂（CAIs）都属于这一领域。特别是，与六元环相比，五元杂环磺酰胺通常被证明是更有效的抑制剂。尽管含氧和氮的五元杂环芳环在药物化学中很重要，但磺酰胺部分在这些杂环上的安装并没有受到太多关注。另一方面，1,3,4-噻二唑/噻二嗪环取代的磺酰胺是骨架，已广泛用于各种具有重要药用价值的 CAIs 中，如乙酰唑胺、甲唑胺及其通过尾巴方法获得的许多衍生物。在这里，我们重点介绍了这些 CAIs 的多种生物活性，如抗青光眼、抗癫痫、抗肿瘤和抗感染特性。本综述强调了过去几年中涉及五元杂环磺酰胺的发展，重点介绍了它们的药理学/临床应用。
